# Every announced tax and benefit change, and when it starts url: https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/announced-tax-and-benefit-changes/ updated: 29 September 2026 licence: Our words, analysis, charts and derived calculations: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). Figures: each source's own licence, listed under Sources. publisher: [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk) # Every announced tax and benefit change, and when it starts Last updated 29 September 2026. Figures refresh every night. [How each figure is worked out](/methodology/). **21** announced changes are still to start, the next being **No VAT on household electricity for six months** on 1 October 2026. The largest on the official costings is “Income tax and National Insurance thresholds frozen to 2031”, which raises £12.4bn in 2030-31. The next fiscal event is **Budget 2026** on 28 October 2026, which can add, change or cancel any of them. Figure as of 3 March 2026. Source: [Office for Budget Responsibility](https://obr.uk/download/policy-measures-database/), [HM Treasury](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/supporting-documents-for-budget-2025). ## Key figures - 21Announced changes still to start As of 29 Sept 2026 As of 26 November 2025 - 1 Oct 2026Next: No VAT on household electricity for six months As of 26 November 2025 - £12.4bnRaised in 2030-31: Income tax and National Insurance thresholds frozen to 2031 As of 3 March 2026 - £3.2bnCost in 2030-31: Two-child limit abolished As of 3 March 2026 - 28 Oct 2026Budget 2026 The next fiscal event Sources: [HM Treasury](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/supporting-documents-for-budget-2025), [Office for Budget Responsibility](https://obr.uk/download/policy-measures-database/). ## What is the short version? - **Dated and costed:** each change has the date it starts, who it affects, the official estimate of what it raises or costs, and its sources. - **Costings are the government’s and the OBR’s,** as scored at the Budget or Statement that announced them. Later events can change them. - **3 changes are not yet fully set:** Fuel duty: the 5p cut ends; Extra business rates cut for pubs, clubs and live music venues; State Pension rise under the triple lock. The next Budget confirms or costs them. - **Worked examples are illustrations,** for one household at stated assumptions, not predictions of any one person’s bill. ## What starts when The changes the government has announced that have not started yet, in date order. Each links to its entry in the table below, with what changes, who it affects, the official costing and a worked example where one applies. Changes that started earlier in 2026 are in the table too. - **1 Oct 2026**[No VAT on household electricity for six months](#change-vat-domestic-electricity). - **1 Oct 2026**[Vaping Products Duty](#change-vaping-duty): raises £565m a year by 2030-31. - **1 Jan 2027**[£2 bus fare cap in England](#change-bus-fare-cap-2027). - **1 Jan 2027**[Carbon border adjustment mechanism](#change-carbon-border-adjustment): raises £320m a year by 2030-31. - **1 Jan 2027**[Fuel duty: the 5p cut ends](#change-fuel-duty-2027): costs £841m a year by 2030-31. - **1 Apr 2027**[Extra business rates cut for pubs, clubs and live music venues](#change-pubs-business-rates-2027). - **1 Apr 2027**[Remote betting duty of 25%](#change-gambling-duties): raises £1.2bn a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2027**[Cash ISA limit cut to £12,000 for under-65s](#change-cash-isa-limit): costs £13m a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2027**[Higher tax rates on property income](#change-property-income-rates): raises £444m a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2027**[Higher tax rates on savings interest](#change-savings-income-rates): raises £507m a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2027**[Inheritance tax on unused pensions](#change-iht-unused-pensions): raises £1.7bn a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2027**[Plan 2 student loan threshold frozen](#change-student-loan-plan-2-freeze): raises £378m a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2027**[State Pension rise under the triple lock](#change-state-pension-2027). - **1 Jan 2028**[Soft drinks levy extended](#change-soft-drinks-levy-2028): raises £42m a year by 2030-31. - **1 Apr 2028**[High Value Council Tax Surcharge](#change-high-value-council-tax-surcharge): raises £437m a year by 2030-31. - **1 Apr 2028**[Pay-per-mile charge for electric cars (eVED)](#change-eved): raises £1.9bn a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2028**[Employer National Insurance threshold frozen to 2031](#change-employer-ni-threshold-freeze): raises £927m a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2028**[Income tax and National Insurance thresholds frozen to 2031](#change-threshold-freeze-2031): raises £12.4bn a year by 2030-31. - **1 Mar 2029**[Customs duty on low-value imports](#change-low-value-imports): raises £554m a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2029**[National Insurance relief on salary sacrifice capped at £2,000](#change-salary-sacrifice-cap): raises £2.6bn a year by 2030-31. - **6 Apr 2030**[Inheritance tax thresholds frozen to 2031](#change-iht-thresholds-freeze): raises £132m a year by 2030-31. ## Every change, filterable Filter by area or search by name. Open a row for what changes, who it affects, the costing year by year and the sources. The effect on the public finances is the latest year the Treasury or the OBR costed: a positive figure raises money, a negative one costs money. Area Every area Energy billsBusinessSavings and investmentsInheritance taxBenefitsMotoringSpending and dutiesOtherPropertyPensionsNational InsuranceIncome tax Search the changes Search | Change | Starts | Area | Effect on the public finances | Status | What changes | Who it affects | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | **About £150 off energy bills**Details | 1 Apr 2026 to 31 Mar 2029 | Energy bills | negligible in 2030-31 | In force (started) | The Energy Company Obligation ends and the Exchequer pays 75% of the household share of the Renewables Obligation from 2026-27 to 2028-29, instead of both being charged through bills. | Every household paying for electricity; the cost moves from bills to general taxation. | | Starts1 Apr 2026 to 31 Mar 2029AreaEnergy billsStatusIn force (started)What changesThe Energy Company Obligation ends and the Exchequer pays 75% of the household share of the Renewables Obligation from 2026-27 to 2028-29, instead of both being charged through bills.Who it affectsEvery household paying for electricity; the cost moves from bills to general taxation. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: −£2.6bn; 2027-28: −£2.1bn; 2028-29: −£2.2bn; 2029-30: £0m; 2030-31: £0m. Typical household, the government's estimate: **£150 a year more**. Ending the Energy Company Obligation has no scorecard line because it was funded through bills. Sources: [HM Treasury, Budget 2025](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/budget-2025-document). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **New business rates multipliers**Details | 1 Apr 2026 | Business | raises £30m in 2030-31 | In force (started) | After the 2026 revaluation, business rates use five multipliers: 43.2p and 48p for small and standard properties, lower rates of 38.2p and 43p for retail, hospitality and leisure, and 50.8p for properties with a rateable value of £500,000 or more. Transitional relief caps bill increases. | Ratepayers in England. | | Starts1 Apr 2026AreaBusinessStatusIn force (started)What changesAfter the 2026 revaluation, business rates use five multipliers: 43.2p and 48p for small and standard properties, lower rates of 38.2p and 43p for retail, hospitality and leisure, and 50.8p for properties with a rateable value of £500,000 or more. Transitional relief caps bill increases.Who it affectsRatepayers in England. Costing: Budget 2025, Table 4.1 lines 18 and 19 combined. 2025-26: £40m; 2026-27: −£2.2bn; 2027-28: −£1.4bn; 2028-29: −£850m; 2029-30: £50m; 2030-31: £30m. Sources: [HM Treasury, Effects of the business rates retail, hospitality and leisure multipliers and high-value multiplier](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/effects-of-the-business-rates-retail-hospitality-and-leisure-multipliers-and-high-value-multiplier). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Higher tax rates on dividends**Details | 6 Apr 2026 | Savings and investments | raises £1.4bn in 2030-31 | In force (started) | The ordinary and upper rates of dividend tax rise by 2 points, to 10.75% and 35.75%. The additional rate is unchanged. | People with dividend income above the £500 dividend allowance, outside ISAs and pensions. | | Starts6 Apr 2026AreaSavings and investmentsStatusIn force (started)What changesThe ordinary and upper rates of dividend tax rise by 2 points, to 10.75% and 35.75%. The additional rate is unchanged.Who it affectsPeople with dividend income above the £500 dividend allowance, outside ISAs and pensions. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £278m; 2027-28: £987m; 2028-29: £1.2bn; 2029-30: £1.3bn; 2030-31: £1.4bn. £5,000 of dividends outside an ISA, basic or higher rate: **£90 a year more**. 2 percentage points on £4,500 (after a £500 allowance). Sources: [HMRC, Changes to tax rates for property, savings and dividend income](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-tax-rates-for-property-savings-and-dividend-income). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Inheritance tax relief for farms and businesses limited**Details | 6 Apr 2026 | Inheritance tax | raises £331m in 2030-31 | In force (started) | Full relief from inheritance tax on agricultural and business property applies to the first £2.5 million, with 50% relief above that. The allowance can pass between spouses. | Estates with farms, business assets or AIM shares worth more than the allowance. | | Starts6 Apr 2026AreaInheritance taxStatusIn force (started)What changesFull relief from inheritance tax on agricultural and business property applies to the first £2.5 million, with 50% relief above that. The allowance can pass between spouses.Who it affectsEstates with farms, business assets or AIM shares worth more than the allowance. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2024, Autumn Budget 2025, Spring Forecast 2026. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £136m; 2027-28: £290m; 2028-29: £309m; 2029-30: £312m; 2030-31: £331m. Costed across three fiscal events: the original reform (Autumn Budget 2024), transferable allowances (Budget 2025) and the higher £2.5 million allowance (Spring Forecast 2026). The figures shown add up the OBR's record of each. Sources: [HMRC, Changes to agricultural property relief and business property relief](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-agricultural-property-relief-and-business-property-relief). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Two-child limit abolished**Details | 6 Apr 2026 | Benefits | costs £3.2bn in 2030-31 | In force (started) | Families on Universal Credit and tax credits get the child element for every child, not only the first two. | Families with three or more children on Universal Credit. | | Starts6 Apr 2026AreaBenefitsStatusIn force (started)What changesFamilies on Universal Credit and tax credits get the child element for every child, not only the first two.Who it affectsFamilies with three or more children on Universal Credit. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: −£2.4bn; 2027-28: −£2.6bn; 2028-29: −£2.8bn; 2029-30: −£3.1bn; 2030-31: −£3.2bn. Family on Universal Credit with 3 children: **£3,647 a year better off**. The child element of £303.94 a month for the third child, at 2026-27 rates; less where the family's income reduces its award. Sources: [DWP, Poverty impacts of social security changes at Budget 2025](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/poverty-impacts-of-social-security-changes-at-budget-2025). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Universal Credit: standard allowance up, health element down for new claims**Details | 6 Apr 2026 | Benefits | raises £950m in 2030-31 | In force (started) | The Universal Credit standard allowance rises faster than inflation each April to 2029 (2.3% above inflation in 2026-27, rising to 4.8% by 2029-30). The health element is halved for new claims from April 2026 and frozen for existing claimants, with protections for people with the most severe conditions and at the end of life. | About 6.7 million Universal Credit households gain from the higher standard allowance; new claimants with limited capability for work and work-related activity get a lower health element. | | Starts6 Apr 2026AreaBenefitsStatusIn force (started)What changesThe Universal Credit standard allowance rises faster than inflation each April to 2029 (2.3% above inflation in 2026-27, rising to 4.8% by 2029-30). The health element is halved for new claims from April 2026 and frozen for existing claimants, with protections for people with the most severe conditions and at the end of life.Who it affectsAbout 6.7 million Universal Credit households gain from the higher standard allowance; new claimants with limited capability for work and work-related activity get a lower health element. Costing: Budget 2025, Table 4.2 lines 2 and 3 and Table 4.1 line 85 combined. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: −£345m; 2027-28: £55m; 2028-29: £325m; 2029-30: £565m; 2030-31: £950m. Sources: [DWP, Universal Credit Bill: impact assessment (July 2025)](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/689ca49e1c63de6de5bb1298/withdrawn-universal-credit-bill-uc-rebalancing-impact-assessment.pdf); [DWP, Benefit and pension rates 2026 to 2027](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/benefit-and-pension-rates-2026-to-2027). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **£1 vehicle tax for lorries**Details | 1 Jul 2026 to 30 Jun 2027 | Motoring | Not yet costed | In force (started) | Heavy goods vehicles pay £1 in vehicle excise duty for twelve months. | Operators of heavy goods vehicles. | | Starts1 Jul 2026 to 30 Jun 2027AreaMotoringStatusIn force (started)What changesHeavy goods vehicles pay £1 in vehicle excise duty for twelve months.Who it affectsOperators of heavy goods vehicles. Not yet costed; the HMRC impact note leaves the Exchequer figures blank until Budget 2026. Sources: [HMRC, 12-month vehicle excise duty holiday for HGVs](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/12-month-vehicle-excise-duty-ved-holiday-for-heavy-goods-vehicles-hgvs). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **No VAT on household electricity for six months**Details | 1 Oct 2026 to 31 Mar 2027 | Energy bills | Not yet costed | Law passed | VAT on domestic electricity in Great Britain falls from 5% to 0% for bills covering 1 October 2026 to 31 March 2027. | Every household in Great Britain that pays for electricity, and eligible charities and care homes. | | Starts1 Oct 2026 to 31 Mar 2027AreaEnergy billsStatusLaw passedWhat changesVAT on domestic electricity in Great Britain falls from 5% to 0% for bills covering 1 October 2026 to 31 March 2027.Who it affectsEvery household in Great Britain that pays for electricity, and eligible charities and care homes. Not yet certified by the OBR. The government's press release puts it at around £850 million in 2026-27, about £45 off a typical bill under the October price cap; final costings are due at Budget 2026. Typical household under the October 2026 price cap, over the six months: **£45 more**. The government's own estimate. Sources: [HMRC, Temporary zero rate of VAT for domestic electricity in Great Britain](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/temporary-zero-rate-of-vat-for-domestic-electricity-in-great-britain); [Prime Minister's Office, press release](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/new-pm-cuts-tax-on-household-electricity-bills-to-give-breathing-space-on-cost-of-living). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Vaping Products Duty**Details | 1 Oct 2026 | Spending and duties | raises £565m in 2030-31 | Law passed | A duty of £2.20 per 10ml on vaping liquid, with duty stamps, and a one-off rise in tobacco duty alongside it. | People who vape, and the businesses that make, import and sell vaping products. | | Starts1 Oct 2026AreaSpending and dutiesStatusLaw passedWhat changesA duty of £2.20 per 10ml on vaping liquid, with duty stamps, and a one-off rise in tobacco duty alongside it.Who it affectsPeople who vape, and the businesses that make, import and sell vaping products. Costing: Budget 2025, Table 4.2 (re-costed), line 13. 2025-26: −£50m; 2026-27: £135m; 2027-28: £400m; 2028-29: £465m; 2029-30: £530m; 2030-31: £565m. Sources: [HMRC, Introduction of Vaping Products Duty from 1 October 2026](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/introduction-of-vaping-products-duty-from-1-october-2026). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **£2 bus fare cap in England**Details | 1 Jan 2027 to 31 Dec 2027 | Other | Not yet costed | Announced | Single bus fares outside London are capped at £2 through 2027, down from £3. | Bus passengers in England outside London. | | Starts1 Jan 2027 to 31 Dec 2027AreaOtherStatusAnnouncedWhat changesSingle bus fares outside London are capped at £2 through 2027, down from £3.Who it affectsBus passengers in England outside London. A spending decision: the government puts the cost at £400 million, funded from within existing budgets. Not on an OBR scorecard yet. Saved on each single bus journey that would have cost £3: **£1 more**. Sources: [Department for Transport, press release](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/cheaper-travel-for-millions-with-a-third-off-fares). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Carbon border adjustment mechanism**Details | 1 Jan 2027 | Business | raises £320m in 2030-31 | Law passed | A charge on the carbon emitted in making certain imported goods, such as steel, aluminium and cement. | Businesses importing carbon-intensive goods. | | Starts1 Jan 2027AreaBusinessStatusLaw passedWhat changesA charge on the carbon emitted in making certain imported goods, such as steel, aluminium and cement.Who it affectsBusinesses importing carbon-intensive goods. Costing: Budget 2025, Table 4.2 (re-costed), line 19. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £70m; 2027-28: £310m; 2028-29: £360m; 2029-30: £345m; 2030-31: £320m. Sources: [HMRC, Introduction of carbon border adjustment mechanism](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/introduction-of-carbon-border-adjustment-mechanism). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Fuel duty: the 5p cut ends**Details | 1 Jan 2027 | Motoring | costs £841m in 2030-31 | Announced; not yet costed by the OBR | The temporary 5p a litre cut in fuel duty on petrol and diesel runs to 31 December 2026. Unless Budget 2026 changes it, the rate rises from 52.95p to 55.95p a litre on 1 January 2027 and to 57.95p on 1 March 2027. | Everyone who buys petrol or diesel. | | Starts1 Jan 2027AreaMotoringStatusAnnounced; not yet costed by the OBRWhat changesThe temporary 5p a litre cut in fuel duty on petrol and diesel runs to 31 December 2026. Unless Budget 2026 changes it, the rate rises from 52.95p to 55.95p a litre on 1 January 2027 and to 57.95p on 1 March 2027.Who it affectsEveryone who buys petrol or diesel. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: −£47m; 2026-27: −£2.4bn; 2027-28: −£856m; 2028-29: −£857m; 2029-30: −£850m; 2030-31: −£841m. The May 2026 extension to 31 December 2026 has not yet been costed; the Treasury says final rates and costings come at Budget 2026. Petrol or diesel car, 10,000 miles a year at 40 mpg: **£68 a year more**. About 1,137 litres × 5p, plus VAT on the duty. Sources: [HMRC, Amended fuel duty rates for 2026 to 2027](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/amended-fuel-duty-rates-for-2026-to-2027); [HM Treasury, press release](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/chancellor-protects-drivers-and-businesses-from-rising-fuel-costs). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Extra business rates cut for pubs, clubs and live music venues**Details | 1 Apr 2027 | Business | Not yet costed | Announced; not yet costed by the OBR | A further 20% cut in business rates bills for pubs, clubs and live music venues in England from April 2027. | About 32,000 venues in England. | | Starts1 Apr 2027AreaBusinessStatusAnnounced; not yet costed by the OBRWhat changesA further 20% cut in business rates bills for pubs, clubs and live music venues in England from April 2027.Who it affectsAbout 32,000 venues in England. The government says around £100 million a year and that a typical pub saves about £1,100. Not yet certified by the OBR. Sources: [Prime Minister's Office, press release](https://www.gov.uk/government/news/burnham-means-business-pm-slashes-business-rates-bills-for-pubs-clubs-and-live-music-venues). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Remote betting duty of 25%**Details | 1 Apr 2027 | Spending and duties | raises £1.2bn in 2030-31 | Announced | A new remote betting rate of 25% on online betting, after Remote Gaming Duty rose to 40% in April 2026. | Online gambling operators. | | Starts1 Apr 2027AreaSpending and dutiesStatusAnnouncedWhat changesA new remote betting rate of 25% on online betting, after Remote Gaming Duty rose to 40% in April 2026.Who it affectsOnline gambling operators. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £812m; 2027-28: £1.1bn; 2028-29: £1.1bn; 2029-30: £1.1bn; 2030-31: £1.2bn. Sources: [HMRC, Changes to gambling duties](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-gambling-duties). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Cash ISA limit cut to £12,000 for under-65s**Details | 6 Apr 2027 | Savings and investments | costs £13m in 2030-31 | Announced | Savers under 65 can put at most £12,000 a year into a cash ISA. The overall ISA limit stays at £20,000, so the rest can go into a stocks and shares ISA. ISA limits are frozen to 2030-31. | Savers under 65 who pay more than £12,000 a year into cash ISAs. | | Starts6 Apr 2027AreaSavings and investmentsStatusAnnouncedWhat changesSavers under 65 can put at most £12,000 a year into a cash ISA. The overall ISA limit stays at £20,000, so the rest can go into a stocks and shares ISA. ISA limits are frozen to 2030-31.Who it affectsSavers under 65 who pay more than £12,000 a year into cash ISAs. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: −£6m; 2027-28: −£10m; 2028-29: −£3m; 2029-30: −£36m; 2030-31: −£13m. Sources: [HMRC, Reduction in the cash Individual Savings Account limit](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/reduction-in-the-cash-individual-savings-account-isa-limit). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Higher tax rates on property income**Details | 6 Apr 2027 | Property | raises £444m in 2030-31 | Announced | Rental profits are taxed at their own rates of 22%, 42% and 47%, two points above the rates on earnings. | Landlords who own property personally rather than through a company. | | Starts6 Apr 2027AreaPropertyStatusAnnouncedWhat changesRental profits are taxed at their own rates of 22%, 42% and 47%, two points above the rates on earnings.Who it affectsLandlords who own property personally rather than through a company. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £1m; 2027-28: £7m; 2028-29: £590m; 2029-30: £434m; 2030-31: £444m. A landlord with £10,000 of taxable rental profit: **£200 a year more**. 2 percentage points on £10,000. Sources: [HMRC, Changes to tax rates for property, savings and dividend income](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-tax-rates-for-property-savings-and-dividend-income). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Higher tax rates on savings interest**Details | 6 Apr 2027 | Savings and investments | raises £507m in 2030-31 | Announced | Interest above the personal savings allowance is taxed at 22%, 42% and 47%, two points higher than now. The £5,000 starting rate band for savings is frozen to April 2031. | Savers whose interest is above their personal savings allowance (£1,000 for basic-rate taxpayers, £500 for higher-rate) and outside an ISA. | | Starts6 Apr 2027AreaSavings and investmentsStatusAnnouncedWhat changesInterest above the personal savings allowance is taxed at 22%, 42% and 47%, two points higher than now. The £5,000 starting rate band for savings is frozen to April 2031.Who it affectsSavers whose interest is above their personal savings allowance (£1,000 for basic-rate taxpayers, £500 for higher-rate) and outside an ISA. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £3m; 2027-28: £53m; 2028-29: £523m; 2029-30: £469m; 2030-31: £507m. Basic-rate taxpayer with £3,000 of interest outside an ISA: **£40 a year more**. 2 percentage points on £2,000 (after a £1,000 allowance).Higher-rate taxpayer with £3,000 of interest outside an ISA: **£50 a year more**. 2 percentage points on £2,500 (after a £500 allowance). Sources: [HMRC, Changes to tax rates for property, savings and dividend income](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-tax-rates-for-property-savings-and-dividend-income). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Inheritance tax on unused pensions**Details | 6 Apr 2027 | Inheritance tax | raises £1.7bn in 2030-31 | Law passed | Most unused pension funds and death benefits count as part of an estate for inheritance tax. Death-in-service benefits are excluded. | Estates that include unused pension savings and are above the inheritance tax thresholds. | | Starts6 Apr 2027AreaInheritance taxStatusLaw passedWhat changesMost unused pension funds and death benefits count as part of an estate for inheritance tax. Death-in-service benefits are excluded.Who it affectsEstates that include unused pension savings and are above the inheritance tax thresholds. Costing: Budget 2025, Table 4.2 (re-costed), line 10. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £0m; 2027-28: £710m; 2028-29: £1.5bn; 2029-30: £1.6bn; 2030-31: £1.7bn. Sources: [HMRC, Inheritance Tax on unused pension funds and death benefits](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/inheritance-tax-unused-pension-funds-and-death-benefits). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Plan 2 student loan threshold frozen**Details | 6 Apr 2027 | Other | raises £378m in 2030-31 | Announced | The income above which Plan 2 graduates repay is frozen at £29,385 for three years from April 2027, then rises with inflation from April 2030. | Graduates on Plan 2 loans (mostly people who started university in England between 2012 and 2022). | | Starts6 Apr 2027AreaOtherStatusAnnouncedWhat changesThe income above which Plan 2 graduates repay is frozen at £29,385 for three years from April 2027, then rises with inflation from April 2030.Who it affectsGraduates on Plan 2 loans (mostly people who started university in England between 2012 and 2022). Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £283m; 2026-27: £5.9bn; 2027-28: £253m; 2028-29: £289m; 2029-30: £357m; 2030-31: £378m. The large 2026-27 figure is an accounting effect on the value of the loan book, not cash collected that year. Repaid a year for every £1,000 the threshold would otherwise have risen: **£90 a year more**. 9 percentage points on £1,000. Sources: [HM Treasury, Budget 2025 policy costings](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/692872fd2a37784b16ecf676/Budget_2025-Policy_Costings.pdf). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **State Pension rise under the triple lock**Details | 6 Apr 2027 | Pensions | Not yet costed | To be set at the next Budget | The State Pension rises in April 2027 by the highest of September 2026 inflation, earnings growth or 2.5%. The rate is set at Budget 2026. | About 12 million people receiving the State Pension. | | Starts6 Apr 2027AreaPensionsStatusTo be set at the next BudgetWhat changesThe State Pension rises in April 2027 by the highest of September 2026 inflation, earnings growth or 2.5%. The rate is set at Budget 2026.Who it affectsAbout 12 million people receiving the State Pension. The rise is part of the OBR's forecast rather than a scored policy decision. The rate is not yet known. Sources: [HM Treasury, Budget 2025](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/budget-2025-document). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Soft drinks levy extended**Details | 1 Jan 2028 | Spending and duties | raises £42m in 2030-31 | Announced | The lower sugar threshold for the Soft Drinks Industry Levy falls from 5g to 4.5g per 100ml and the levy covers milk-based drinks. | Producers and importers of sugary drinks. | | Starts1 Jan 2028AreaSpending and dutiesStatusAnnouncedWhat changesThe lower sugar threshold for the Soft Drinks Industry Levy falls from 5g to 4.5g per 100ml and the levy covers milk-based drinks.Who it affectsProducers and importers of sugary drinks. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £0m; 2027-28: £11m; 2028-29: £39m; 2029-30: £41m; 2030-31: £42m. Sources: [HMRC, Changes to the Soft Drinks Industry Levy](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-the-soft-drinks-industry-levy). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **High Value Council Tax Surcharge**Details | 1 Apr 2028 | Property | raises £437m in 2030-31 | Announced | Owners of homes in England valued at £2 million or more pay a yearly surcharge on top of council tax: £2,500 (£2m to £2.5m), £3,500 (£2.5m to £3.5m), £5,000 (£3.5m to £5m) or £7,500 (£5m and above), rising with inflation from 2029-30. The money goes to central government, not councils. | Owners (not tenants) of fewer than 1% of homes in England. | | Starts1 Apr 2028AreaPropertyStatusAnnouncedWhat changesOwners of homes in England valued at £2 million or more pay a yearly surcharge on top of council tax: £2,500 (£2m to £2.5m), £3,500 (£2.5m to £3.5m), £5,000 (£3.5m to £5m) or £7,500 (£5m and above), rising with inflation from 2029-30. The money goes to central government, not councils.Who it affectsOwners (not tenants) of fewer than 1% of homes in England. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: −£62m; 2026-27: −£121m; 2027-28: −£155m; 2028-29: £399m; 2029-30: £432m; 2030-31: £437m. The early negative figures are the expected effect on stamp duty and capital gains tax as buyers and sellers respond before it starts. Home valued at £2.2 million: **£2,500 a year more**.Home valued at £6 million: **£7,500 a year more**. Sources: [MHCLG, High Value Council Tax Surcharge](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/high-value-council-tax-surcharge). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Pay-per-mile charge for electric cars (eVED)**Details | 1 Apr 2028 | Motoring | raises £1.9bn in 2030-31 | Announced | Electric Vehicle Excise Duty charges 3p a mile for fully electric and hydrogen cars and 1.5p a mile for plug-in hybrids, on top of normal vehicle tax, rising with inflation from 2029-30. It is paid with vehicle tax on estimated mileage and settled against actual mileage. | Owners of electric and plug-in hybrid cars; the Treasury expects about 5.6 million cars in 2028-29. | | Starts1 Apr 2028AreaMotoringStatusAnnouncedWhat changesElectric Vehicle Excise Duty charges 3p a mile for fully electric and hydrogen cars and 1.5p a mile for plug-in hybrids, on top of normal vehicle tax, rising with inflation from 2029-30. It is paid with vehicle tax on estimated mileage and settled against actual mileage.Who it affectsOwners of electric and plug-in hybrid cars; the Treasury expects about 5.6 million cars in 2028-29. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: −£3m; 2026-27: −£10m; 2027-28: −£16m; 2028-29: £1.1bn; 2029-30: £1.4bn; 2030-31: £1.9bn. Fully electric car, 10,000 miles a year: **£300 a year more**. 3p a mile × 10,000 miles, on top of standard vehicle tax.Plug-in hybrid, 10,000 miles a year: **£150 a year more**. 1.5p a mile × 10,000 miles, on top of standard vehicle tax. Sources: [HMRC, Electric Vehicle Excise Duty](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/electric-vehicle-excise-duty-eved); [HM Treasury, consultation outcome](https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/consultation-on-the-introduction-of-electric-vehicle-excise-duty-eved). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Employer National Insurance threshold frozen to 2031**Details | 6 Apr 2028 to 5 Apr 2031 | National Insurance | raises £927m in 2030-31 | Announced | The £5,000 threshold above which employers pay National Insurance stays frozen to April 2031. | Employers. | | Starts6 Apr 2028 to 5 Apr 2031AreaNational InsuranceStatusAnnouncedWhat changesThe £5,000 threshold above which employers pay National Insurance stays frozen to April 2031.Who it affectsEmployers. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £0m; 2027-28: −£3m; 2028-29: £289m; 2029-30: £616m; 2030-31: £927m. Sources: [HM Treasury, Budget 2025 policy costings](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/692872fd2a37784b16ecf676/Budget_2025-Policy_Costings.pdf). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Income tax and National Insurance thresholds frozen to 2031**Details | 6 Apr 2028 to 5 Apr 2031 | Income tax | raises £12.4bn in 2030-31 | Law passed | The Personal Allowance (£12,570), the higher-rate threshold (£50,270) and the matching National Insurance thresholds stay frozen for three more years, to April 2031, instead of rising with inflation from April 2028. | Almost everyone who pays income tax or National Insurance, including pensioners with taxable income. | | Starts6 Apr 2028 to 5 Apr 2031AreaIncome taxStatusLaw passedWhat changesThe Personal Allowance (£12,570), the higher-rate threshold (£50,270) and the matching National Insurance thresholds stay frozen for three more years, to April 2031, instead of rising with inflation from April 2028.Who it affectsAlmost everyone who pays income tax or National Insurance, including pensioners with taxable income. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £0m; 2027-28: −£24m; 2028-29: £3.4bn; 2029-30: £7.8bn; 2030-31: £12.4bn. Employee earning £25,000: **£226 a year more** in 2030-31. Income tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland.Employee earning £35,000: **£226 a year more** in 2030-31. Income tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland.Employee earning £50,000: **£226 a year more** in 2030-31. Income tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland.Employee earning £70,000: **£690 a year more** in 2030-31. Income tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland. Sources: [HMRC, Maintaining income tax and equivalent National Insurance thresholds until 5 April 2031](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/maintaining-income-tax-and-equivalent-national-insurance-contributions-thresholds-until-5-april-2031). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Customs duty on low-value imports**Details | 1 Mar 2029 | Spending and duties | raises £554m in 2030-31 | Announced | The relief from customs duty on imports worth £135 or less ends, changing how parcels bought from overseas are taxed. | Shoppers and businesses importing low-value goods. | | Starts1 Mar 2029AreaSpending and dutiesStatusAnnouncedWhat changesThe relief from customs duty on imports worth £135 or less ends, changing how parcels bought from overseas are taxed.Who it affectsShoppers and businesses importing low-value goods. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £0m; 2027-28: £0m; 2028-29: £42m; 2029-30: £535m; 2030-31: £554m. Sources: [HMRC, Reforming customs rules for low value imports](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/reforming-customs-rules-for-low-value-imports). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **National Insurance relief on salary sacrifice capped at £2,000**Details | 6 Apr 2029 | National Insurance | raises £2.6bn in 2030-31 | Announced | Only the first £2,000 a year of pension contributions made through salary sacrifice is free of employee and employer National Insurance. | Employees who sacrifice more than £2,000 of salary a year into a pension, and their employers. | | Starts6 Apr 2029AreaNational InsuranceStatusAnnouncedWhat changesOnly the first £2,000 a year of pension contributions made through salary sacrifice is free of employee and employer National Insurance.Who it affectsEmployees who sacrifice more than £2,000 of salary a year into a pension, and their employers. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: −£38m; 2027-28: −£56m; 2028-29: −£75m; 2029-30: £4.8bn; 2030-31: £2.6bn. Employee sacrificing £5,000 a year (employee NI at 8%): **£240 a year more**. National Insurance on the £3,000 above the £2,000 cap.Their employer (employer NI at 15%): **£450 a year more**.Employee sacrificing £10,000 a year (employee NI at 2%): **£160 a year more**. National Insurance on the £8,000 above the £2,000 cap.Their employer (employer NI at 15%): **£1,200 a year more**. Sources: [HMRC, Changes to salary sacrifice for pensions from April 2029](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/changes-to-salary-sacrifice-for-pensions-from-april-2029). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | | **Inheritance tax thresholds frozen to 2031**Details | 6 Apr 2030 to 5 Apr 2031 | Inheritance tax | raises £132m in 2030-31 | Announced | The £325,000 nil-rate band, the £175,000 residence nil-rate band and the £2.5 million allowance for full agricultural and business property relief stay frozen to April 2031. | Estates near or above the inheritance tax thresholds. | | Starts6 Apr 2030 to 5 Apr 2031AreaInheritance taxStatusAnnouncedWhat changesThe £325,000 nil-rate band, the £175,000 residence nil-rate band and the £2.5 million allowance for full agricultural and business property relief stay frozen to April 2031.Who it affectsEstates near or above the inheritance tax thresholds. Costing: Office for Budget Responsibility, policy measures database (March 2026): Autumn Budget 2025. 2025-26: £0m; 2026-27: £0m; 2027-28: £0m; 2028-29: £0m; 2029-30: £0m; 2030-31: £132m. Sources: [HM Treasury, Budget 2025 policy costings](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/692872fd2a37784b16ecf676/Budget_2025-Policy_Costings.pdf). Checked 24 September 2026. | | | | | | | Source: Office for Budget Responsibility, [Policy measures database, March 2026](https://obr.uk/download/policy-measures-database/), published 3 March 2026; HM Treasury, [Budget 2025: supporting documents (Table 4.1 policy decisions, Table 4.2, Policy costings)](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/supporting-documents-for-budget-2025), published 26 November 2025. ## How much each one raises or costs The official costings side by side. They come from the OBR’s policy measures database, which records every measure the Treasury scores at each fiscal event, added up across the taxes and spending lines it affects. Where a measure is not in the database, the Treasury’s printed scorecard is used, and the table says which. **What each change raises (+) or costs (−) the Exchequer in the last year costed, £ million** Changes worth less than £100 million a year are in the table above. Costings are as scored at the fiscal event named for each change. **The numbers behind this chart** | Item | £ million a year | | --- | --- | | Income tax and National Insurance thresholds frozen to 2031 (2030-31) | £12,435m | | National Insurance relief on salary sacrifice capped at £2,000 (2030-31) | £2,584m | | Pay-per-mile charge for electric cars (eVED) (2030-31) | £1,867m | | Inheritance tax on unused pensions (2030-31) | £1,665m | | Higher tax rates on dividends (2030-31) | £1,390m | | Remote betting duty of 25% (2030-31) | £1,154m | | Universal Credit: standard allowance up, health element down for new claims (2030-31) | £950m | | Employer National Insurance threshold frozen to 2031 (2030-31) | £927m | | Vaping Products Duty (2030-31) | £565m | | Customs duty on low-value imports (2030-31) | £554m | | Higher tax rates on savings interest (2030-31) | £507m | | Higher tax rates on property income (2030-31) | £444m | | High Value Council Tax Surcharge (2030-31) | £437m | | Plan 2 student loan threshold frozen (2030-31) | £378m | | Inheritance tax relief for farms and businesses limited (2030-31) | £331m | | Carbon border adjustment mechanism (2030-31) | £320m | | Inheritance tax thresholds frozen to 2031 (2030-31) | £132m | | Fuel duty: the 5p cut ends (2030-31) | £-841m | | Two-child limit abolished (2030-31) | £-3,235m | ## What it means for you: worked examples Each example is one household at stated assumptions, worked out from the rates in force now and, for the threshold freeze, the OBR’s inflation forecast. Your own position depends on your income, where you live and what else changes, so these are illustrations, not a calculator. | Change | Household | Effect | How it is worked out | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [About £150 off energy bills](#change-energy-bills-150)Details | Typical household, the government's estimate | £150 a year more | Ending the Energy Company Obligation has no scorecard line because it was funded through bills. | | HouseholdTypical household, the government's estimateHow it is worked outEnding the Energy Company Obligation has no scorecard line because it was funded through bills. | | | | | [Higher tax rates on dividends](#change-dividend-rates)Details | £5,000 of dividends outside an ISA, basic or higher rate | £90 a year more | 2 percentage points on £4,500 (after a £500 allowance). | | Household£5,000 of dividends outside an ISA, basic or higher rateHow it is worked out2 percentage points on £4,500 (after a £500 allowance). | | | | | [Two-child limit abolished](#change-two-child-limit)Details | Family on Universal Credit with 3 children | £3,647 a year better off | The child element of £303.94 a month for the third child, at 2026-27 rates; less where the family's income reduces its award. | | HouseholdFamily on Universal Credit with 3 childrenHow it is worked outThe child element of £303.94 a month for the third child, at 2026-27 rates; less where the family's income reduces its award. | | | | | [No VAT on household electricity for six months](#change-vat-domestic-electricity)Details | Typical household under the October 2026 price cap, over the six months | £45 more | The government's own estimate. | | HouseholdTypical household under the October 2026 price cap, over the six monthsHow it is worked outThe government's own estimate. | | | | | [£2 bus fare cap in England](#change-bus-fare-cap-2027)Details | Saved on each single bus journey that would have cost £3 | £1 more | | | HouseholdSaved on each single bus journey that would have cost £3 | | | | | [Fuel duty: the 5p cut ends](#change-fuel-duty-2027)Details | Petrol or diesel car, 10,000 miles a year at 40 mpg | £68 a year more | About 1,137 litres × 5p, plus VAT on the duty. | | HouseholdPetrol or diesel car, 10,000 miles a year at 40 mpgHow it is worked outAbout 1,137 litres × 5p, plus VAT on the duty. | | | | | [Higher tax rates on property income](#change-property-income-rates)Details | A landlord with £10,000 of taxable rental profit | £200 a year more | 2 percentage points on £10,000. | | HouseholdA landlord with £10,000 of taxable rental profitHow it is worked out2 percentage points on £10,000. | | | | | [Higher tax rates on savings interest](#change-savings-income-rates)Details | Basic-rate taxpayer with £3,000 of interest outside an ISA | £40 a year more | 2 percentage points on £2,000 (after a £1,000 allowance). | | HouseholdBasic-rate taxpayer with £3,000 of interest outside an ISAHow it is worked out2 percentage points on £2,000 (after a £1,000 allowance). | | | | | [Higher tax rates on savings interest](#change-savings-income-rates)Details | Higher-rate taxpayer with £3,000 of interest outside an ISA | £50 a year more | 2 percentage points on £2,500 (after a £500 allowance). | | HouseholdHigher-rate taxpayer with £3,000 of interest outside an ISAHow it is worked out2 percentage points on £2,500 (after a £500 allowance). | | | | | [Plan 2 student loan threshold frozen](#change-student-loan-plan-2-freeze)Details | Repaid a year for every £1,000 the threshold would otherwise have risen | £90 a year more | 9 percentage points on £1,000. | | HouseholdRepaid a year for every £1,000 the threshold would otherwise have risenHow it is worked out9 percentage points on £1,000. | | | | | [High Value Council Tax Surcharge](#change-high-value-council-tax-surcharge)Details | Home valued at £2.2 million | £2,500 a year more | | | HouseholdHome valued at £2.2 million | | | | | [High Value Council Tax Surcharge](#change-high-value-council-tax-surcharge)Details | Home valued at £6 million | £7,500 a year more | | | HouseholdHome valued at £6 million | | | | | [Pay-per-mile charge for electric cars (eVED)](#change-eved)Details | Fully electric car, 10,000 miles a year | £300 a year more | 3p a mile × 10,000 miles, on top of standard vehicle tax. | | HouseholdFully electric car, 10,000 miles a yearHow it is worked out3p a mile × 10,000 miles, on top of standard vehicle tax. | | | | | [Pay-per-mile charge for electric cars (eVED)](#change-eved)Details | Plug-in hybrid, 10,000 miles a year | £150 a year more | 1.5p a mile × 10,000 miles, on top of standard vehicle tax. | | HouseholdPlug-in hybrid, 10,000 miles a yearHow it is worked out1.5p a mile × 10,000 miles, on top of standard vehicle tax. | | | | | [Income tax and National Insurance thresholds frozen to 2031](#change-threshold-freeze-2031)Details | Employee earning £25,000 | £226 a year more (2030-31) | Income tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland. | | HouseholdEmployee earning £25,000How it is worked outIncome tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland. | | | | | [Income tax and National Insurance thresholds frozen to 2031](#change-threshold-freeze-2031)Details | Employee earning £35,000 | £226 a year more (2030-31) | Income tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland. | | HouseholdEmployee earning £35,000How it is worked outIncome tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland. | | | | | [Income tax and National Insurance thresholds frozen to 2031](#change-threshold-freeze-2031)Details | Employee earning £50,000 | £226 a year more (2030-31) | Income tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland. | | HouseholdEmployee earning £50,000How it is worked outIncome tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland. | | | | | [Income tax and National Insurance thresholds frozen to 2031](#change-threshold-freeze-2031)Details | Employee earning £70,000 | £690 a year more (2030-31) | Income tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland. | | HouseholdEmployee earning £70,000How it is worked outIncome tax and National Insurance with thresholds frozen, against thresholds raised with the OBR's inflation forecast from April 2028 (a Personal Allowance of about £13,380 and a higher-rate threshold of about £53,580 by 2030-31). Pay held at the same cash figure; outside Scotland. | | | | | [National Insurance relief on salary sacrifice capped at £2,000](#change-salary-sacrifice-cap)Details | Employee sacrificing £5,000 a year (employee NI at 8%) | £240 a year more | National Insurance on the £3,000 above the £2,000 cap. | | HouseholdEmployee sacrificing £5,000 a year (employee NI at 8%)How it is worked outNational Insurance on the £3,000 above the £2,000 cap. | | | | | [National Insurance relief on salary sacrifice capped at £2,000](#change-salary-sacrifice-cap)Details | Their employer (employer NI at 15%) | £450 a year more | | | HouseholdTheir employer (employer NI at 15%) | | | | | [National Insurance relief on salary sacrifice capped at £2,000](#change-salary-sacrifice-cap)Details | Employee sacrificing £10,000 a year (employee NI at 2%) | £160 a year more | National Insurance on the £8,000 above the £2,000 cap. | | HouseholdEmployee sacrificing £10,000 a year (employee NI at 2%)How it is worked outNational Insurance on the £8,000 above the £2,000 cap. | | | | | [National Insurance relief on salary sacrifice capped at £2,000](#change-salary-sacrifice-cap)Details | Their employer (employer NI at 15%) | £1,200 a year more | | | HouseholdTheir employer (employer NI at 15%) | | | | ## Who gains and who pays: the published analysis What the published distributional analysis says - [HM Treasury, Impact on households: distributional analysis to accompany Budget 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69269c6222424e25e6bc31bb/Impact_on_households.pdf) Published26 November 2025 The Treasury's analysis looks at 2028-29 and at decisions taken since Autumn Budget 2024. It says that all but the richest 10% of households gain from those decisions as a share of their income, with the largest gains, as a share of income, for the lowest-income households. - It publishes the results as charts only, with no data table, so this site quotes its conclusions rather than reproducing its figures. - [Resolution Foundation, Stairway to headroom (November 2025)](https://www.resolutionfoundation.org/app/uploads/2025/11/Stairway-to-headroom.pdf) Published27 November 2025 Extending the income tax and National Insurance threshold freeze costs a typical employee about £220 a year by 2030-31, on the Foundation's estimate. - In 2028-29 it puts the cost of the freeze extension at about £73 a year for a basic-rate taxpayer, £222 for a higher-rate taxpayer and £52 for a basic-rate pensioner. - It estimates the richest fifth of households lose about £540 a year on average from the freezes, against about £64 for the poorest fifth. - It values the end of the two-child limit at about £3,570 a year for each extra child that now qualifies (2029-30, in 2025-26 prices). The Institute for Fiscal Studies also publishes distributional analysis of each Budget; its site could not be read automatically, so its figures are not reproduced here. ## Every measure at the last two fiscal events The full list the OBR records for Autumn Budget 2025 and Spring Forecast 2026, including measures with no single start date and spending decisions. When a new Budget is published, its measures appear here on the next nightly update, before the dated list above is brought up to date. Search | Measure | Event | 2026-27 | 2028-29 | 2030-31 | Dated above | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Personal Tax: Maintain the personal income tax and equivalent national insurance thresholds at current levels for a further three years until April 2031Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £3.4bn | £12.4bn | [Yes](#change-threshold-freeze-2031) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£3.4bn2030-31£12.4bnDated above[Yes](#change-threshold-freeze-2031) | | | | | | | SEND: Manage SEND pressures within overall DEL envelope from 28-29Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £6.0bn | £6.4bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£6.0bn2030-31£6.4bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Student Loans: Freeze Plan 2 repayment threshold for three years from 6 April 2027Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £5.9bn | £289m | £378m | [Yes](#change-student-loan-plan-2-freeze) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£289m2030-31£378mDated above[Yes](#change-student-loan-plan-2-freeze) | | | | | | | Personal Independence Payment: Not proceeding with Spring Statement 2025 reforms to eligibilityDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£237m | −£3.3bn | −£5.3bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£3.3bn2030-31−£5.3bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | SEND: Manage SEND pressures within overall DEL envelope from 28-30Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | −£1.8bn | −£5.1bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£1.8bn2030-31−£5.1bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | RDEL: Go further on efficiencies and savingsDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £1.4bn | £4.9bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£1.4bn2030-31£4.9bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Salary Sacrifice: Limit the value of salary sacrificed pension contributions that can receive employee and employer NICs relief to £2,000 per year from 6 April 2029Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£38m | −£75m | £2.6bn | [Yes](#change-salary-sacrifice-cap) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£75m2030-31£2.6bnDated above[Yes](#change-salary-sacrifice-cap) | | | | | | | OBR Allowance for Shortfall assumptions - PSGI in CDELDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £4.6bn | −£1.7bn | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£1.7bn2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Additional funding for SENDDetails | Spring Forecast 2026 | £0m | −£4.1bn | −£4.4bn | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£4.1bn2030-31−£4.4bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | HM Treasury Allowance for Shortfall assumption - PSGI in CDELDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | −£3.3bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31−£3.3bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Universal Credit Child Element: Remove the two child limit from April 2026, taking 450,000 children out of povertyDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£2.4bn | −£2.8bn | −£3.2bn | [Yes](#change-two-child-limit) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£2.8bn2030-31−£3.2bnDated above[Yes](#change-two-child-limit) | | | | | | | Rebuilding Britain: Accelerate delivery of growth-enhancing capital investment, including the Lower Thames CrossingDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£3.2bn | £1.1bn | −£307m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£1.1bn2030-31−£307mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | HM Treasury Allowance for Shortfall assumption - PSCE in RDELDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | −£2.9bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31−£2.9bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Supplementary Estimates: RDEL plans for 2025-26Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | HMRC: Further measures to close the tax gapDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £434m | £1.3bn | £2.6bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£1.3bn2030-31£2.6bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Renewables Obligation: Fund 75% of the domestic share of the Renewables Obligation via the Exchequer over the Spending Review periodDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£2.6bn | −£2.2bn | £0m | [Yes](#change-energy-bills-150) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£2.2bn2030-31£0mDated above[Yes](#change-energy-bills-150) | | | | | | | Fuel Duty: Cancel uprating for 2026-27; extend the 5p cut in rates to 31 August 2026, then increase by 1p from 1 September 2026, 2p from 1 December 2026, and 2p from 1 March 2027Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£2.4bn | −£857m | −£841m | [Yes](#change-fuel-duty-2027) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£857m2030-31−£841mDated above[Yes](#change-fuel-duty-2027) | | | | | | | Business Rates: Introduce both a three year Transitional Relief scheme, partially funded by a 1p Transitional Relief Supplement in 2026/27, and a Supporting Small Business scheme from 1 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£2.1bn | −£882m | −£8m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£882m2030-31−£8mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | British Coal Staff Superannuation Scheme: Transfer investment reserve to scheme membersDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£25m | −£21m | −£17m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£21m2030-31−£17mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | OBR Allowance for Shortfall assumptions - PSCE in RDELDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | −£1.9bn | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£1.9bn2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Electric Vehicle Excise Duty (eVED): Introduce a new mileage supplement for electric and plug-in hybrid cars from 1 April 2028Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£10m | £1.1bn | £1.9bn | [Yes](#change-eved) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£1.1bn2030-31£1.9bnDated above[Yes](#change-eved) | | | | | | | Winter Fuel Payment: Target to pensioners with taxable income below or equal to £35,000 from Winter 2025Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£1.4bn | −£1.3bn | −£1.3bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£1.3bn2030-31−£1.3bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Writing-down Allowances: Reduce the main rate writing-down allowance to 14% from April 2026 and introduce a new 40% first-year allowance from 1 January 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £1.0bn | £1.5bn | £1.5bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£1.5bn2030-31£1.5bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Supplementary Estimates: CDEL plans for 2025-26Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Dividend Income: Increase tax rates on dividend income by 2ppts at the ordinary and upper rate from 6 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £278m | £1.2bn | £1.4bn | [Yes](#change-dividend-rates) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£1.2bn2030-31£1.4bnDated above[Yes](#change-dividend-rates) | | | | | | | DWP Fraud and Error: Extend Targeted Case Review of Universal Credit to 2030-31Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £1.3bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£1.3bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Defined Benefit Pensions: Provide inflation protection for pre-1997 pensions in the Pension Protection Fund (PPF) and Financial Assistance Scheme (FAS) where members’ former schemes provided it, from 1 January 2027Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£1.3bn | −£60m | −£70m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£60m2030-31−£70mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Reduced non-fiscal capital provision for intra-government leasesDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£1.2bn | −£704m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£704m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Gambling Duty: Increase Remote Gaming Duty to 40% from 1 April 2026, introduce a new Remote Betting Rate at 25% (excluding Self-Service Betting Terminals, spread betting, pool betting & UK horseracing) from 1 April 2027, and abolish Bingo Duty from 1 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £812m | £1.1bn | £1.2bn | [Yes](#change-gambling-duties) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£1.1bn2030-31£1.2bnDated above[Yes](#change-gambling-duties) | | | | | | | Capitalisation direction: Allow a number of LAs to use capital resource to finance specific revenue spending for 2025-26 and 2026-27 to support their financial sustainabilityDetails | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£1.1bn | −£40m | −£59m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£40m2030-31−£59mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Local Government: Provide financial support to local authorities equal to 90% of the accumulated deficits from Dedicated Schools Grant (DSG) and SEND funding and the application of the Barnett formula to the financial supportDetails | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£1.1bn | £0m | £0m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Health and Social Care: Bringing forward SR25 funding to support the abolition of NHS England and unlock savingsDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£512m | £953m | £1.0bn | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£953m2030-31£1.0bnDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Capital Gains Tax: Reduce Capital Gains Tax relief on qualifying disposals to employee ownership trusts from 100% to 50% from 26 November 2025Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £184m | £825m | £984m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£825m2030-31£984mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Sizewell C: Reclassify construction costs and recognise income generated through the Regulated Asset Base levyDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £508m | £674m | £968m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£674m2030-31£968mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Universal Credit: Changes to the standard allowance and health element to protect existing claimants and new health element claimants who meet the Severe Conditions Criteria from April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£244m | −£630m | −£944m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£630m2030-31−£944mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | National Insurance: Maintain the secondary threshold for employer contributions at current level for a further three years until April 2031Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £289m | £927m | [Yes](#change-employer-ni-threshold-freeze) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£289m2030-31£927mDated above[Yes](#change-employer-ni-threshold-freeze) | | | | | | | Pillar 2 rules: UK implementation of internationally agreed changes to the global minimum tax from 1 January 2026Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£592m | −£674m | −£738m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£674m2030-31−£738mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Tour Operators' Margin Scheme: Exclude Private Hire Vehicle Services from the scope of the scheme from 2 January 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £725m | £654m | £677m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£654m2030-31£677mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Enterprise Management Incentives (EMI): Increase eligibility to allow scale-ups, as well as start-ups, to access the scheme from 6 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£71m | −£409m | −£695m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£409m2030-31−£695mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Main Estimates: Departmental RDEL plans for 2025-26Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Fund agreement with EU to join Erasmus+ in 20274Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Property Income: Introduce separate tax rates for property income at 22% for the property basic rate, 42% for the property higher rate and 47% for the property additional rate, from 6 April 2027Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £1m | £590m | £444m | [Yes](#change-property-income-rates) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£590m2030-31£444mDated above[Yes](#change-property-income-rates) | | | | | | | Health and Disability Benefits: Improve operations by increasing face-to-face assessments, increasing WCA reassessment capability, and PIP award review changes, starting from April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £84m | £521m | £454m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£521m2030-31£454mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Jobs and Skills: Invest in Youth Guarantee, Growth and Skills Levy, and employment & skills supportDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£519m | −£495m | −£107m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£495m2030-31−£107mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Low Value Imports: Reform the customs treatment of low value imports from March 2029Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £42m | £554m | [Yes](#change-low-value-imports) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£42m2030-31£554mDated above[Yes](#change-low-value-imports) | | | | | | | Warm Homes Plan: Increase funding for the Warm Homes Plan and expand the Warm Home Discount SchemeDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£357m | −£536m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£536m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Savings Income: Increase tax rates on savings income by 2ppts at the basic, higher and additional rate from 6 April 2027 and maintain the Starting Rate of Savings limit at £5000 from April 2026 to April 2031Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £3m | £523m | £507m | [Yes](#change-savings-income-rates) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£523m2030-31£507mDated above[Yes](#change-savings-income-rates) | | | | | | | Support for British automotive industry: Increase the Expensive Car Supplement threshold for zero emission vehicles to £50,000, from 1 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£51m | −£189m | −£505m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£189m2030-31−£505mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Systems & Compliance: Invest in HMRC, DWP and other departments to: reduce fraud and error in the welfare system & public sector; ensure tax compliance and implement Budget tax measures; and increase departmental resilience to economic shocksDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£412m | −£294m | −£219m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£294m2030-31−£219mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Support for British automotive industry: Provide additional Electric Car Grant funding & extend to 2029-30 and invest in EV charging infrastructureDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£214m | −£438m | −£25m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£438m2030-31−£25mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | High Value Council Tax Surcharge: Introduce a surcharge on owners of residential properties valued over £2m in England from 1 April 2028Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£121m | £399m | £437m | [Yes](#change-high-value-council-tax-surcharge) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£399m2030-31£437mDated above[Yes](#change-high-value-council-tax-surcharge) | | | | | | | Social Rent Convergence: Allow social housing providers to increase rents above the existing 10-year rent settlement of CPI +1% by £1 per week from 2027-28, increasing to £2 per week from 2028-29Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | £0m | −£212m | −£401m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£212m2030-31−£401mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | NHS: Investing in NHS technology to improve productivityDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Business Rates Retention: Increase in safety net payments to LAs and fall in levy receipts following the BRR reset in 2026-27Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£324m | −£50m | £76m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£50m2030-31£76mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Motability: Introduce VAT at the standard rate on Advance Payments paid to Motability or equivalent schemes, and Insurance Premium Tax at the standard rate on insurance related to vehicle leases, from 1 July 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £92m | £226m | £303m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£226m2030-31£303mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS): Expansion of the UK ETS to International Maritime Routes from 2028Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £75m | £284m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£75m2030-31£284mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Housing Benefit and Pension Credit Administration: Bring together the administration of pensioner Housing Benefit and Pension Credit from Autumn 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£3m | £107m | £265m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£107m2030-31£265mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Business rates: 15% relief for pubs and live music venues in 2026-27, followed by real terms freeze in 2027-28 & 2028-29Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£94m | −£204m | −£2m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£204m2030-31−£2mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Main Estimates: Departmental CDEL plans for 2025-26Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): Remove indirect emissions from scope of the CBAM from 1 January 2027Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£42m | −£178m | −£166m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£178m2030-31−£166mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Rail Fares: Freeze rail fares in England for one year from 1 March 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£143m | −£157m | −£167m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£157m2030-31−£167mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Cap trust charges at £5m for pre-30 October 2024 excluded property trusts for charges applying from 6 April 2025 and close post-departure trade profits loophole from 6 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£5m | £157m | £108m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£157m2030-31£108mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Loan Charge: Government response to the independent reviewDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£93m | £35m | −£96m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£35m2030-31−£96mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Support for British automotive industry: Delay bringing Employee Car Ownership schemes within the Benefit in Kind rules from 6 April 2026 to 6 April 2030, with a two year transition periodDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£149m | −£150m | −£140m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£150m2030-31−£140mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Tariffs: Changes since Spring 2025Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£151m | −£100m | −£105m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£100m2030-31−£105mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Universal Credit: Extend the £2,500 surplus earnings threshold for one year from 6 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£147m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Defined Benefit (DB) Pension Scheme Surplus Extraction: Introduce flexibilities for employers and direct payments to members from April 2027Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £28m | £126m | £143m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£126m2030-31£143mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Support for British automotive industry: Extend 100% first-year allowances for zero-emission cars and electric vehicle charge points to 31 March 2027 for Corporation Tax and 5 April 2027 for Income TaxDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£143m | £15m | £23m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£15m2030-31£23mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Agricultural Property Relief and Business Property Relief: Increase the allowance for 100% relief from £1 million to £2.5 million from 6 April 2026Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£63m | −£141m | −£138m | [Yes](#change-apr-bpr) | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£141m2030-31−£138mDated above[Yes](#change-apr-bpr) | | | | | | | DWP Fraud and Error: Improve accuracy in Pension Credit claims from April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £13m | £133m | £62m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£133m2030-31£62mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Inheritance Tax: Maintain the nil-rate band, residence nil-rate band, and allowance for 100% rate of agricultural property relief and business property relief for a further year, from April 2030 until April 2031Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £132m | [Yes](#change-iht-thresholds-freeze) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£132mDated above[Yes](#change-iht-thresholds-freeze) | | | | | | | Landfill Tax: Increase the lower rate by the cash increase of the standard rate from 1 April 2026 and in each year of the forecast periodDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £35m | £85m | £128m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£85m2030-31£128mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Venture Capital Schemes: Reduce the VCT scheme Income Tax relief from 6 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £93m | £100m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£93m2030-31£100mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Compensation Payments: Make compensation available to those affected by Post Office Capture IT software shortfalls and deliver recommendations from Volume 1 of the Post Office Horizon IT Inquiry's final reportDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£123m | −£59m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£59m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Home Office: Provide additional funding to tackle people smuggling gangsDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Transport for London: Supplemental funding for shared fare products following rail fares freezeDetails | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£89m | −£89m | £0m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£89m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) emissions regulatory standard changes and Benefit in Kind easementDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £34m | £76m | £85m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£76m2030-31£85mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Agricultural Property Relief and Business Property Relief: Allow any unused allowance for the 100% rate of relief to be transferable between spouses and civil partners from 6 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£32m | −£71m | −£70m | [Yes](#change-apr-bpr) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£71m2030-31−£70mDated above[Yes](#change-apr-bpr) | | | | | | | Venture Capital Schemes: Increase the Venture Capital Trust (VCT) scheme and the Enterprise Investment Scheme (EIS) annual and lifetime investment limits and the gross assets test from 6 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | −£46m | −£53m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£46m2030-31−£53mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Renewable Obligation: Change in Renewable Obligation indexation mechanism from RPI to CPI from 1 April 2026Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | £19m | £55m | £0m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29£55m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | UK Listing Relief: Stamp Duty Reserve Tax relief for transfers of a company's securities for a three-year period from the point of listing, effective from 27 November 2025Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£33m | −£49m | −£52m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£49m2030-31−£52mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Business Rates: Introduce two new lower multipliers for eligible retail, hospitality and leisure properties funded by a new high-value multiplier from 1 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£51m | £34m | £34m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£34m2030-31£34mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | British Business Bank: Expand the Growth Guarantee Scheme to support businesses impacted by changes in global tariffsDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Cross-border VAT Grouping: Revert to unconditional whole entity cross-border VAT grouping from 26 November 2025Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£44m | −£10m | −£11m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£10m2030-31−£11mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Fisheries and Coastal Growth: Launch a fund to support the domestic fishing sector and coastal communitiesDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£27m | −£35m | −£25m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£35m2030-31−£25mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Soft Drink Industry Levy: Reduce the levy threshold from 5g to 4.5g/100ml and extend to milk-based drinks and milk substitutes from 1 January 2028Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £39m | £42m | [Yes](#change-soft-drinks-levy-2028) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£39m2030-31£42mDated above[Yes](#change-soft-drinks-levy-2028) | | | | | | | Environmental Regeneration: Launch a new grant scheme for public bodies to support land remediation and reinvest water company fines in projects to clean up rivers, lakes and seasDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£18m | £36m | £8m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£36m2030-31£8mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Supporting Savers: Make the Help to Save scheme permanent, maintain total ISA annual subscription limit at £20,000 with cash limit reduced to £12,000 for under-65s from April 2027, delay ISA digitalisation until April 2028 and maintain the ISA subscription limits until 2030/31Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£6m | −£3m | −£13m | [Yes](#change-cash-isa-limit) | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£3m2030-31−£13mDated above[Yes](#change-cash-isa-limit) | | | | | | | Carer’s Allowance Review: Reassess overpayments from 2015 to 2025 caused by incorrect operational guidanceDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£19m | −£20m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£20m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Non-reimbursed Homeworking Expenses: Remove the tax relief available from 6 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £8m | £25m | £25m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£25m2030-31£25mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | UK-EU Deal: Fund DEFRA costs in 2025-26 for domestic implementation of UK-EU Sanitary and Phytosanitary AgreementDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Housing Benefit: Reduce the financial cliff edge for claimants in supported housing and temporary accommodation from Autumn 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£9m | −£23m | −£27m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£23m2030-31−£27mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Housing Revenue Account: Increase the threshold from 200 to 1000 homesDetails | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£7m | −£20m | −£27m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£20m2030-31−£27mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Child Benefit: Exempt 16–19-year-olds with an illness or disability from the 12-hour weekly rule and equalise the treatment of non-standard educational settings from 1 September 2025Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£26m | −£26m | −£26m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£26m2030-31−£26mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Additional funding for Protective Security for Places of WorshipDetails | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£22m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Planning Capacity and Capability: Fund additional capacity in the planning system to get Britain buildingDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£20m | −£18m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£18m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | National Insurance: Remove access to Class 2 National Insurance contributions (NICs) and increase the initial residency and contributions history requirements for Class 3 NICs for individuals abroad from 6 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£5m | £8m | £16m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£8m2030-31£16mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Increase Financial Conduct Authority levies from April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £5m | £14m | £15m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£14m2030-31£15mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Health and Social Care: Freeze NHS prescription charges in England for one year from 1 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£14m | −£14m | −£15m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£14m2030-31−£15mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Clamping Down on Illegal High Street Operations: Invest in a new cross-government taskforce, additional Insolvency Service staff and enhanced Trading Standards and law enforcement capabilitiesDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£15m | −£15m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£15m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Increase Financial Conduct Authority levies from April 2027Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£5m | −£14m | −£15m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£14m2030-31−£15mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Advanced Corporation Tax (ACT) reform: Abolish shadow ACT restrictions to relax the limits on companies’ use of surplus ACT balances from 1 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£12m | −£13m | −£11m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£13m2030-31−£11mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Local Authority Borrowing: Extend the Public Works Loan Board discounted rate for Housing Revenue Accounts from 1 April 2026 to 31 March 2027Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£7m | −£13m | −£13m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£13m2030-31−£13mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Kernow Industrial Growth Fund: Provide funding to support growth in CornwallDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£4m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Air Passenger Duty: Extend the scope of the higher rate to cover all private jets over 5.7 tonnes from 1 April 2027Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £10m | £11m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£10m2030-31£11mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Investing in Communities: Provide funding to refurbish and improve up to 200 playgrounds in EnglandDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£11m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | VAT: Introduce a relief for business donations of goods to charity for onward distribution or use in the delivery of their services, from 1 April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£9m | −£9m | −£10m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£9m2030-31−£10mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Gambling Commission: Provide funding to tackle the illegal marketDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£7m | −£10m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£10m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Northern Ireland: Post-Brexit trade supportDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£8m | −£4m | −£5m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£4m2030-31−£5mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Business Rates Retention: Extend Greater London Authority enhanced business rates retention arrangements, and pilot Business Rate Retentions for West England Combined Authority, Cornwall, and Liverpool City Region, for three years from April 2026Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£2m | −£8m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£8m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Student Finance: Confirm policy detail for the Lifelong Learning Entitlement launch on 1 January 2027 and increase spending on student loans due to a new means-tested maintenance grant offer for students studying certain courses from academic year 2028/29Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £2m | £6m | −£2m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£6m2030-31−£2mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | National Year of Reading: Fund state-funded secondary schools in England to increase book suppliesDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£6m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | National Level Regulation: Provide funding to reduce regulatory burden for large food businessesDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£3m | −£3m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£3m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Innovation in Wales: Invest in a world-leading semiconductor technologies clusterDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£3m | −£3m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29−£3m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Port Talbot: Remediate contaminated brownfield land adjacent to the Celtic FreeportDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | −£3m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Global Talent Taskforce expansionDetails | Spring Forecast 2026 | −£2m | −£2m | −£2m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29−£2m2030-31−£2mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Increase to the Economic Crime LevyDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Increase Immigration Skills Charge by 32% from October 2025Details | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | International Student LevyDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Council Tax Precepts: £5 flexibility for fire authoritiesDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Police precept: Increase police precept Band D limit from 2.99% to £15 for 2026/27 in EnglandDetails | Spring Forecast 2026 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Council Tax Flexibility: Allow 7 local authorities, 6 police authorities and 1 fire and rescue authority to raise council tax above referendum principles for 2026-27 as part of the Exceptional Financial Support process and remove referendum principles for 5 Inner London Boroughs plus Windsor and Maidenhead in 2027-28 and 2028-29Details | Spring Forecast 2026 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventSpring Forecast 20262028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Reclassification of spend for Mayoral Combined AuthoritiesDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | | Reclassification from departmental expenditure limits to annually managed expenditure for Scottish government police & fire pensionsDetails | Autumn Budget 2025 | £0m | £0m | £0m | No | | EventAutumn Budget 20252028-29£0m2030-31£0mDated aboveNo | | | | | | ## What these figures do and don't show - Costings are estimates made when each measure was announced, including how people are expected to change their behaviour. The OBR rates many of them as uncertain, and later events can re-cost them. - A positive costing means the Exchequer gains; it is not the same as what any one household pays. - Some changes apply only in England or in Great Britain; each entry says where. - Changes announced outside a fiscal event, such as the 2026 cost-of-living measures, have no OBR-certified costing until the next Budget; the government’s own estimate is shown instead and labelled. - Worked examples hold pay and circumstances fixed. They are not forecasts of any household’s tax bill. ## Sources for this page | Source | Publisher | Figures as of | Updated | Licence | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Policy measures database, March 2026](https://obr.uk/download/policy-measures-database/) | Office for Budget Responsibility | 3 March 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [Budget 2025: supporting documents (Table 4.1 policy decisions, Table 4.2, Policy costings)](https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/supporting-documents-for-budget-2025) | HM Treasury | 26 November 2025 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | Each source's figures are used under the licence shown. Our own words, analysis, charts and derived calculations are ours, under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ## Related pages - [Next in this section: Budget 2026: 28 October 2026](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/budget/) - [What do frozen tax thresholds cost me?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/frozen-thresholds/) - [What is the electric car pay-per-mile tax, and what happens to fuel duty?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/ev-pay-per-mile-tax/) - [How much income tax do I pay?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/income-tax/) - [How much is council tax and what does it pay for?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/council-tax/) ## More from this publisher - [UK tax calculators](https://howlongisit.co.uk) Published by [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). Our words, analysis, charts and derived calculations: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). The figures belong to the publishers listed under Sources and are used under their licences. Figures last updated 29 September 2026.