# North Yorkshire: spending over £500 url: https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/councils/spending-over-500/north-yorkshire/ updated: 29 September 2026 licence: Our words, analysis, charts and derived calculations: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). Figures: each source's own licence, listed under Sources. publisher: [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk) # North Yorkshire: spending over £500 Last updated 29 September 2026. Figures refresh every night. [How each figure is worked out](/methodology/). North Yorkshire published **62,176 payments** of £500 or more between July 2025 and June 2026, worth **£522.3m** in all, to 3,790 suppliers. The largest total went to NY HIGHWAYS LIMITED: £45.8m across 341 payments. These are the council's own published records; the gaps in them are listed below. ## Key figures - £522.3mPaid in payments of £500 or more, latest year - 62,176Payments - 3,790Suppliers - 12 of 12Months with payments published ## What the council published - Julpublished - Augpublished - Septpublished - Octpublished - Novpublished - Decpublished - Janpublished - Febpublished - Marpublished - Aprpublished - Maypublished - Junpublished **Gaps and problems in the data, as published:** - 26.9% of payments (£40,049,029) have the supplier name withheld or redacted by the council, usually because the payee is an individual. - 252 credits and refunds (negative amounts, £3,551,671 in all) are included, so totals are net. ## Top 50 suppliers by value Search | Supplier | Paid | Payments | | --- | --- | --- | | NY HIGHWAYS LIMITEDDetails | £45,765,008 | 341 | | Payments341 | | | | *Names withheld by the council*Details | £40,049,029 | 16,737 | | Payments16,737 | | | | JOHN SISK & SON (HOLDINGS) LTDDetails | £21,486,431 | 12 | | Payments12 | | | | WILLMOTT DIXON CONSTRUCTION LTDDetails | £17,935,568 | 25 | | Payments25 | | | | HARROGATE & DISTRICT NHS FOUNDATION TRUSTDetails | £8,762,207 | 27 | | Payments27 | | | | WILF WARD FAMILY TRUSTDetails | £8,689,741 | 70 | | Payments70 | | | | MEDEQUIPDetails | £7,389,156 | 41 | | Payments41 | | | | EDF ENERGYDetails | £6,733,252 | 447 | | Payments447 | | | | NORTHERN LIFE CARE LTD (UBU)Details | £6,022,516 | 39 | | Payments39 | | | | EAST YORKSHIRE MOTOR SERVICES LTDDetails | £5,667,373 | 327 | | Payments327 | | | | DENNIS EAGLE LTDDetails | £5,586,962 | 120 | | Payments120 | | | | MOORVIEW CARE LIMITEDDetails | £5,535,717 | 13 | | Payments13 | | | | MENCAPDetails | £5,282,996 | 40 | | Payments40 | | | | TOM WILLOUGHBY LTDDetails | £5,112,852 | 1,111 | | Payments1,111 | | | | THE ASCENT ACADEMIES' TRUST (MOWBRAY SCHOOL)Details | £4,686,073 | 15 | | Payments15 | | | | MATRIX SCM LTDDetails | £4,277,518 | 49 | | Payments49 | | | | ALIGN PROPERTY SERVICES LTDDetails | £4,016,197 | 587 | | Payments587 | | | | AVALONDetails | £3,967,439 | 52 | | Payments52 | | | | CRAYON LTDDetails | £3,964,616 | 33 | | Payments33 | | | | HARROGATE & DISTRICT TRAVELDetails | £3,612,678 | 190 | | Payments190 | | | | HCS MECHANICAL SERVICESDetails | £3,586,374 | 777 | | Payments777 | | | | WAYTHROUGHDetails | £3,466,867 | 8 | | Payments8 | | | | YORK & SCARBOROUGH TEACHING HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUSTDetails | £3,078,169 | 30 | | Payments30 | | | | YORWASTE LTDDetails | £3,067,323 | 156 | | Payments156 | | | | XMA LTDDetails | £3,016,603 | 380 | | Payments380 | | | | MADIBA LTDDetails | £3,009,580 | 31 | | Payments31 | | | | STANDARD FUEL OILS LTDDetails | £2,666,966 | 213 | | Payments213 | | | | THE CAMPHILL VILLAGE TRUSTDetails | £2,638,652 | 13 | | Payments13 | | | | YORKSHIRE COASTLINER LTDDetails | £2,466,706 | 107 | | Payments107 | | | | CASTILIAN 2 LTD T/A TREKA BUS LTDDetails | £2,424,357 | 27 | | Payments27 | | | | 21 TRANSPORT LTDDetails | £2,423,848 | 483 | | Payments483 | | | | BRIERLEY HOMES LTDDetails | £2,375,841 | 2 | | Payments2 | | | | THE FOREST SCHOOLDetails | £2,275,049 | 15 | | Payments15 | | | | SNE CARE SERVICES LTDDetails | £2,273,552 | 1,205 | | Payments1,205 | | | | NIPPY TAXIS LIMITEDDetails | £2,258,547 | 872 | | Payments872 | | | | PSS (UK) LTDDetails | £2,252,456 | 849 | | Payments849 | | | | HODGSONS COACH OPERATORS LTDDetails | £2,239,612 | 336 | | Payments336 | | | | PROCTERS COACHES (NORTH YORKSHIRE) LTDDetails | £2,079,366 | 342 | | Payments342 | | | | BRECKENBROUGH SCHOOLDetails | £2,075,460 | 109 | | Payments109 | | | | THE WOODLANDS ACADEMYDetails | £2,047,982 | 15 | | Payments15 | | | | WELLSPRING ACADEMY TRUST (FOREST MOOR SCHOOL)Details | £1,970,332 | 12 | | Payments12 | | | | ARRIVA YORKSHIREDetails | £1,909,367 | 201 | | Payments201 | | | | CORONA ENERGYDetails | £1,886,776 | 112 | | Payments112 | | | | YORK PULLMAN BUS CO LTDDetails | £1,830,399 | 267 | | Payments267 | | | | WALTER THOMPSON CONTRACTORS LTDDetails | £1,801,244 | 8 | | Payments8 | | | | ST MARGARETSDetails | £1,794,126 | 26 | | Payments26 | | | | ASPRIS CHILDRENS SERVICESDetails | £1,767,348 | 109 | | Payments109 | | | | HEARTS AT HOME HOMECARE LTDDetails | £1,734,009 | 13 | | Payments13 | | | | INTEGRACARE LTDDetails | £1,672,985 | 13 | | Payments13 | | | | CAMBIAN AUTISM SERVICES LIMITEDDetails | £1,670,438 | 66 | | Payments66 | | | ## Spending by category (our classification) Payments this site classifies into each category from the supplier and the council's description; most payments fall into none. The rules are on the [methodology page](/methodology/#spend-over-500). **North Yorkshire: payments by category (our classification)** - 1. Payments to other councils and public bodies £34,877,040 1468 payments - 2. Large outsourcing and contracting firms £18,153,028 111 payments - 3. IT and software £15,404,431 1607 payments - 4. Consultancy and agency staff £8,613,744 683 payments - 5. Travel and accommodation £1,068,008 784 payments - 6. Catering and hospitality £1,064,940 1064 payments - 7. Legal fees £409,927 135 payments - 8. Communications and PR £125,016 81 payments - 9. Conferences and events £85,731 24 payments **Show as a table** | Name | Paid | | --- | --- | | 1. Payments to other councils and public bodies | £34,877,040 | | 2. Large outsourcing and contracting firms | £18,153,028 | | 3. IT and software | £15,404,431 | | 4. Consultancy and agency staff | £8,613,744 | | 5. Travel and accommodation | £1,068,008 | | 6. Catering and hospitality | £1,064,940 | | 7. Legal fees | £409,927 | | 8. Communications and PR | £125,016 | | 9. Conferences and events | £85,731 | **Payments to other councils and public bodies: largest suppliers** The supplier is another council, a police, fire or NHS body, a government department or agency, or a pension fund. - HARROGATE & DISTRICT NHS FOUNDATION TRUST: £8,762,207 (27 payments) - YORK & SCARBOROUGH TEACHING HOSPITALS NHS FOUNDATION TRUST: £3,078,169 (30 payments) - WELLSPRING ACADEMY TRUST (FOREST MOOR SCHOOL): £1,970,332 (12 payments) - YORK & NORTH YORKSHIRE COMBINED AUTHORITY - POLICE: £1,254,673 (21 payments) - VENN ACADEMY TRUST (BROMPTON HALL SPECIAL SCHOOL): £1,122,578 (15 payments) - SSCL (ENVIRONMENT AGENCY): £1,020,790 (9 payments) - SELBY TOWN COUNCIL: £755,361 (5 payments) - HARROGATE TOWN COUNCIL: £711,686 (4 payments) - SKIPTON TOWN COUNCIL: £614,761 (7 payments) - NORTHALLERTON TOWN COUNCIL (PRECEPTS): £500,140 (4 payments) **Large outsourcing and contracting firms: largest suppliers** The supplier is one of a named list of large firms that run council services under contract. A payment to one is often a routine instalment on a long contract. - WILLMOTT DIXON CONSTRUCTION LTD: £17,935,568 (25 payments) - CHURCHILL CONTRACT SERVICES LTD: £149,793 (57 payments) - G4S CASH SOLUTIONS (UK) LTD: £21,634 (16 payments) - CARTER JONAS LLP CLIENT ACCOUNT RE TARMAC TRADING LTD: £21,012 (1 payment) - SERCO LTD: £15,471 (4 payments) - ENGIE GAS LTD: £7,761 (6 payments) - G4S SECURE SOLUTIONS (UK) LTD: £1,789 (2 payments) **Legal fees: largest suppliers** The supplier is a law firm or chambers, or the council describes the payment as legal fees, counsel or court fees. - Names withheld by the council: £101,932 (28 payments) - PINSENT MASONS LLP: £89,957 (10 payments) - C HASSALL LIMITED: £41,542 (1 payment) - REDROW HOMES YORKSHIRE: £34,035 (1 payment) - KENNEDYS LAW LLP: £27,891 (36 payments) - ASHFORDS LLP: £24,272 (5 payments) - AAH PLANNING CONSULTANTS LTD: £20,600 (4 payments) - BEVAN BRITTAN LLP: £16,770 (11 payments) - DWF LAW LLP - CLIENT ACCOUNT: £6,610 (2 payments) - PARKLANE PLOWDEN CHAMBERS: £5,563 (3 payments) **Consultancy and agency staff: largest suppliers** The supplier is a recruitment agency or consultancy on a named list, or the council describes the payment as consultancy, agency or interim staff, or professional fees. - MATRIX SCM LTD: £4,277,518 (49 payments) - WSP UK LTD: £1,256,062 (11 payments) - FORVIS MAZARS LLP: £823,081 (4 payments) - Names withheld by the council: £623,962 (395 payments) - POSITIVE INDIVIDUAL PROACTIVE SUPPORT LTD: £554,579 (13 payments) - ALIGN PROPERTY SERVICES LTD: £506,405 (78 payments) - REED TALENT SOLUTIONS LTD: £71,832 (6 payments) - ERNST & YOUNG: £59,950 (2 payments) - SLR CONSULTING LIMITED: £33,504 (4 payments) - CENEX CONSULTANCY SERVICES LIMITED: £32,553 (2 payments) **IT and software: largest suppliers** The supplier is on a named list of IT and telecoms firms, or the council describes the payment as software, licences, IT, hardware, hosting or telephony. - CRAYON LTD: £3,964,616 (33 payments) - XMA LTD: £3,016,603 (380 payments) - SOFTCAT PLC: £1,113,813 (101 payments) - CIVICA UK LTD: £872,452 (34 payments) - ZELLIS UK LTD: £584,022 (11 payments) - IDOX SOFTWARE LTD: £527,855 (8 payments) - ATOS IT SERVICES UK LTD: £452,042 (5 payments) - INSIGHT DIRECT (UK) LTD: £399,367 (6 payments) - NYNET LTD: £387,699 (41 payments) - LIQUIDLOGIC LTD: £314,858 (5 payments) **Communications and PR: largest suppliers** The council describes the payment as advertising, marketing, publicity or public relations. Recruitment and statutory notices are left out. - LIFT SAFE LTD: £19,250 (1 payment) - ONEFIX LTD: £15,385 (18 payments) - HEMMING GROUP LTD: £14,300 (5 payments) - ADVERSET MEDIA SOLUTIONS LTD: £13,912 (15 payments) - ELYGRA LTD: £11,160 (1 payment) - SPECTRUM INNOVATIONS: £7,376 (3 payments) - BAUER RADIO LTD: £5,117 (5 payments) - INDEED IRELAND OPERATIONS LTD: £4,990 (3 payments) - SPACEHOUSE LIMITED: £4,750 (6 payments) - Names withheld by the council: £4,645 (3 payments) **Conferences and events: largest suppliers** The council describes the payment as a conference, seminar, exhibition, event or venue hire. - CALDER WORLD OF TRAVEL: £75,174 (19 payments) - BUILT ENVIRONMENT NETWORKING LTD: £8,000 (1 payment) - ASSOCIATION OF ELECTORAL ADMINISTRATORS: £1,390 (2 payments) - HUMBER & EAST YORKSHIRE SCHOOL BUSINESS LEADERS: £600 (1 payment) - LOCAL GOVERNMENT ASSOCIATION: £567 (1 payment) **Travel and accommodation: largest suppliers** The council describes the payment as travel, fares, flights, subsistence or hotels. Homeless and temporary accommodation, and home to school and client transport, are left out. - Names withheld by the council: £676,128 (710 payments) - HARROGATE & DISTRICT TRAVEL: £103,610 (23 payments) - KEIGHLEY & DISTRICT TRAVEL LTD: £70,650 (2 payments) - NORTHERN TRAINS LIMITED: £50,758 (6 payments) - YORKSHIRE COASTLINER LTD: £48,785 (1 payment) - HARROGATE COACH TRAVEL LTD: £16,380 (2 payments) - SHORELINE SUNCRUISER BUSES LTD: £14,196 (1 payment) - YORK PULLMAN BUS CO LTD: £14,160 (1 payment) - ARRIVA YORKSHIRE: £13,396 (8 payments) - UPPER WHARFEDALE SCHOOL: £12,093 (4 payments) **Catering and hospitality: largest suppliers** The council describes the payment as catering, hospitality or refreshments. School meals are left out. - DAVID MILLER FROZEN FOODS LTD: £358,466 (482 payments) - MOLSON COORS BREWING CO (UK) LTD: £135,099 (33 payments) - BFS GROUP LTD (BIDFOOD): £101,968 (94 payments) - PAYNES FOOD SERVICE: £91,195 (142 payments) - HCS MECHANICAL SERVICES: £46,904 (44 payments) - NISBETS LIMITED: £36,316 (38 payments) - CHICKEN JOES LTD: £34,665 (25 payments) - GH NORTH YORKSHIRE LIMITED: £25,401 (6 payments) - TURNER & PRICE LIMITED: £24,152 (26 payments) - BREAK TIME: £22,235 (4 payments) ## Spending by the council's own service areas **North Yorkshire: payments by service area, as the council labels them** - 1. Health & Adult Services - Revenue £164,850,116 16639 payments - 2. Children & Young People Services - Revenue £103,908,243 21161 payments - 3. Environmental Services - Revenue £87,441,722 5074 payments - 4. Resources Directorate and Central Services - Revenue £50,423,964 9911 payments - 5. Environmental Services - Capital £33,524,156 234 payments - 6. District & Borough Services - Capital £31,203,536 1224 payments - 7. General Funding - Revenue £13,370,429 728 payments - 8. Children & Young People Services - Capital £8,865,815 447 payments - 9. Corporate Miscellaneous - Revenue £6,168,805 142 payments - 10. Community Development - Revenue £6,157,457 2723 payments - 11. NYES - Revenue £5,484,205 2604 payments - 12. Resources Directorate and Central Services - Capital £5,428,131 184 payments - 13. District & Borough Services - Revenue £2,644,216 545 payments - 14. Housing Revenue Account £1,435,414 487 payments - 15. Health & Adult Services - Capital £834,721 41 payments **Show as a table** | Name | Paid | | --- | --- | | 1. Health & Adult Services - Revenue | £164,850,116 | | 2. Children & Young People Services - Revenue | £103,908,243 | | 3. Environmental Services - Revenue | £87,441,722 | | 4. Resources Directorate and Central Services - Revenue | £50,423,964 | | 5. Environmental Services - Capital | £33,524,156 | | 6. District & Borough Services - Capital | £31,203,536 | | 7. General Funding - Revenue | £13,370,429 | | 8. Children & Young People Services - Capital | £8,865,815 | | 9. Corporate Miscellaneous - Revenue | £6,168,805 | | 10. Community Development - Revenue | £6,157,457 | | 11. NYES - Revenue | £5,484,205 | | 12. Resources Directorate and Central Services - Capital | £5,428,131 | | 13. District & Borough Services - Revenue | £2,644,216 | | 14. Housing Revenue Account | £1,435,414 | | 15. Health & Adult Services - Capital | £834,721 | | 16. Community Development - Capital | £607,455 | ## Who is paid for grounds, street cleaning, roads and bins? The suppliers paid most for each kind of work, where the council's own labels say what the payment was for (our matching). A council that does the work with its own staff pays mostly wages, which are not in this data, so a short list here can mean the work is done in-house. **Parks and open spaces (including play areas): largest suppliers** - 1. TOCKWITH WITH WILSTROP PARISH COUNCIL £182,161 5 payments - 2. SPOFFORTH WITH STOCKELD PARISH COUNCIL £150,370 10 payments - 3. LANGTHORPE PARISH COUNCIL £140,924 7 payments - 4. DISHFORTH PARISH COUNCIL £92,120 10 payments - 5. LYNX FUELS £77,025 25 payments - 6. HAMPSTHWAITE PARISH COUNCIL £68,133 6 payments - 7. CORONATION HALL £53,892 2 payments - 8. SEAMER & CROSSGATES PARISH COUNCIL £38,940 1 payment **Show as a table** | Name | Paid | | --- | --- | | 1. TOCKWITH WITH WILSTROP PARISH COUNCIL | £182,161 | | 2. SPOFFORTH WITH STOCKELD PARISH COUNCIL | £150,370 | | 3. LANGTHORPE PARISH COUNCIL | £140,924 | | 4. DISHFORTH PARISH COUNCIL | £92,120 | | 5. LYNX FUELS | £77,025 | | 6. HAMPSTHWAITE PARISH COUNCIL | £68,133 | | 7. CORONATION HALL | £53,892 | | 8. SEAMER & CROSSGATES PARISH COUNCIL | £38,940 | | 9. HARROGATE ROAD METHODIST CHURCH | £37,560 | | 10. GOLDSBOROUGH & FLAXBY GROUPED PARISH COUNCIL | £37,434 | **Road and bridge maintenance: largest suppliers** - 1. Names withheld by the council £16,478 7 payments - 2. ALIGN PROPERTY SERVICES LTD £13,000 2 payments - 3. ACROSPIRE SOLUTIONS LTD £11,908 1 payment - 4. NORTHERN POWERGRID (NORTHEAST) LTD £6,027 2 payments **Show as a table** | Name | Paid | | --- | --- | | 1. Names withheld by the council | £16,478 | | 2. ALIGN PROPERTY SERVICES LTD | £13,000 | | 3. ACROSPIRE SOLUTIONS LTD | £11,908 | | 4. NORTHERN POWERGRID (NORTHEAST) LTD | £6,027 | **Waste collection: largest suppliers** - 1. PERSONNEL HYGIENE SERVICES LTD £75,362 77 payments - 2. P W ARCHER & SON LTD £75,102 14 payments - 3. STORM ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITED £30,560 6 payments - 4. IMPERIAL POLYTHENE PRODUCTS LTD £26,350 7 payments - 5. YORWASTE LTD £12,391 7 payments - 6. CRAEMER UK LTD £9,689 4 payments - 7. CROMWELL POLYTHENE LTD £9,614 3 payments - 8. WYBONE LTD £8,336 3 payments **Show as a table** | Name | Paid | | --- | --- | | 1. PERSONNEL HYGIENE SERVICES LTD | £75,362 | | 2. P W ARCHER & SON LTD | £75,102 | | 3. STORM ENVIRONMENTAL LIMITED | £30,560 | | 4. IMPERIAL POLYTHENE PRODUCTS LTD | £26,350 | | 5. YORWASTE LTD | £12,391 | | 6. CRAEMER UK LTD | £9,689 | | 7. CROMWELL POLYTHENE LTD | £9,614 | | 8. WYBONE LTD | £8,336 | | 9. SRCL LTD | £6,675 | | 10. SETTLE COAL CO LTD | £4,640 | ## Consultancy and agency against the pay bill Payments we classify as consultancy and agency staff came to **1.4%** of North Yorkshire's own staff costs in its 2025-26 revenue return, against a median of 7.4% for the other unitary councils in England read so far. The payments and the staff costs come from different sources and periods, so this is a guide to scale. ## Search every payment Searching needs JavaScript. Every payment is in [one JSON file](/data/spend500/tx/E06000065.json). Every payment, as the council published it, is in [one JSON file](/data/spend500/tx/E06000065.json); the search can download any selection as CSV. ## What this data does and doesn't show - It is the council's own record of payments of £500 or more. It leaves out salaries, most staff costs and many internal costs, so it is not the council's whole spending. - Descriptions are the council's own and vary in quality; some are codes, some are blank, and some supplier names are withheld to protect individuals. - A large payment to one supplier is often a routine instalment on a long contract that was tendered openly. - The categories and the matching to services are this site's classification from keywords, not the council's. The rules are on the [methodology page](/methodology/#spend-over-500). ## Sources North Yorkshire, spending over £500, [published here](https://hub.datanorthyorkshire.org/dataset/2026-2027-north-yorkshire-council-over-f500-spend-by-quarter). Licence as the council states it: UK Open Government Licence (OGL). Checked 2026-09-24; files read 2026-09-29. **Every file read (5)** - [Q1 2026 - £500 Transparency Report.xlsx](https://hub.datanorthyorkshire.org/dataset/c31d78bc-507c-4d33-b9e9-31f5d481d846/resource/655bfd50-997b-492c-a2f2-8d7fcf7b5575/download/q1-2026-500-transparency-report.xlsx) (2026-04), file dated 2026-07-07: 14,471 payments of £500 or more. Read 2026-09-29. - [£500 Transparency Report Jan - March 2026 (Quarter 4).xlsx](https://hub.datanorthyorkshire.org/dataset/ecaf81fc-7d8c-47da-8ef4-d5ffaf765280/resource/1ed5f17c-d31d-4aa0-bdf7-74461e210d84/download/500-transparency-report-jan-march-2026-quarter-4.xlsx) (2026-03), file dated 2026-05-07: 15,166 payments of £500 or more. Read 2026-09-29. - [Over £500 spend report for Q3 2025 (Oct - Dec 2025)](https://hub.datanorthyorkshire.org/dataset/ecaf81fc-7d8c-47da-8ef4-d5ffaf765280/resource/7347f6dc-3187-450b-aadc-6ea1775dfafe/download/500-transparency-report-oct-dec-2025.csv) (2025-12), file dated 2026-01-12: 16,414 payments of £500 or more. Read 2026-09-29. - [Over £500 spend for quarter 1 (April - June) 2025 report](https://hub.datanorthyorkshire.org/dataset/ecaf81fc-7d8c-47da-8ef4-d5ffaf765280/resource/9dfcda00-1160-47ec-ba87-4c996f12e8a6/download/over-500-spend-for-quarter-1-april-june-2025-report-transparency-report.xlsx) (2025-06), file dated 2025-08-29: 20,183 payments of £500 or more. Read 2026-09-29. - [Over £500 spend for Quarter 2 2025 - July - September](https://hub.datanorthyorkshire.org/dataset/ecaf81fc-7d8c-47da-8ef4-d5ffaf765280/resource/97959b8b-da42-4f37-b0c2-b00500788ce6/download/q2-2025-july-september-over-500-spend-report.xlsx), file dated 2025-10-20: 16,126 payments of £500 or more. Read 2026-09-29. ## Related pages - [Back to Council spending over £500](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/councils/spending-over-500/) - [How much is council tax and what does it pay for?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/council-tax/) - [Who is my MP, and what does their office cost?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/mps/) - [Where does my tax money actually go?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/for-every-100-pounds-of-tax/) ## More from this publisher - [UK tax calculators](https://howlongisit.co.uk) Published by [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). Our words, analysis, charts and derived calculations: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). The figures belong to the publishers listed under Sources and are used under their licences. Figures last updated 29 September 2026.