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     "perHeadReal": 927.12,
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     "yoyReal": -3.9,
     "population": 64618700
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     "perHeadReal": 912.72,
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     "yoyReal": -0.8,
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     "perHeadReal": 888.67,
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     "yoyReal": -0.1,
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     "yoyReal": 2.1,
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   "children": [
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    "mod-cap-single-use-military-equipment",
    "mod-res-equipment-support-costs",
    "mod-cap-other-capital-fiscal",
    "mod-res-depreciation-and-impairment",
    "mod-res-infrastructure-costs",
    "mod-res-other-costs-and-services",
    "mod-cap-research-and-development-costs",
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    "mod-res-war-pension-benefits",
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    "mod-res-receipts-and-other-income"
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    "label": "UK regular forces",
    "unit": "people",
    "dp": 0,
    "direction": "neutral",
    "definition": "Full-time trained and untrained UK regular personnel on the first day of the quarter, excluding Gurkhas and reserves.",
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   },
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    "label": "Naval Service regulars",
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    "direction": "neutral",
    "definition": "Royal Navy and Royal Marines regular personnel.",
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   },
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    "label": "Army regulars",
    "unit": "people",
    "dp": 0,
    "direction": "neutral",
    "definition": "Army regular personnel, excluding Gurkhas.",
    "comparable": false
   },
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    "label": "Royal Air Force regulars",
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    "direction": "neutral",
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    "definition": "Volunteer reserve personnel across the three services.",
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   },
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    "definition": "Share of NATO core defence spending on major equipment and research and development.",
    "comparable": false
   },
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    "unit": "% of core spending",
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    "direction": "neutral",
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    "comparable": false
   },
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    "definition": "Share on buildings and other infrastructure.",
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   },
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     "sourceId": "nato-def-exp"
    },
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      "2015": 21.75,
      "2016": 21.24,
      "2017": 22.29,
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      "2021": 29.5,
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     "sourceId": "nato-def-exp"
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      "2015": 36.8,
      "2016": 35.27,
      "2017": 34.54,
      "2018": 33.75,
      "2019": 34.07,
      "2020": 33.8,
      "2021": 31.49,
      "2022": 29.74,
      "2023": 30.69,
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      "2026e": 27.51
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     "sourceId": "nato-def-exp"
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      "2016": 1.87,
      "2017": 2.25,
      "2018": 2.99,
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      "2020": 1.72,
      "2021": 1.72,
      "2022": 2.88,
      "2023": 2.21,
      "2024": 2.24,
      "2025e": 0.42,
      "2026e": 0.4
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     "sourceId": "nato-def-exp"
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    "nato-other": {
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      "2015": 39.82,
      "2016": 41.62,
      "2017": 40.92,
      "2018": 41.01,
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      "2020": 40.65,
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     "sourceId": "nato-def-exp"
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  "groups": []
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 "levelNotes": {
  "nation": "Defence is spent for the UK as a whole: HM Treasury assigns almost none of it to England, Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland, so there is no nation level.",
  "local": "The armed forces are run centrally by the Ministry of Defence; there are no local bodies with budgets of their own."
 },
 "breaks": [
  {
   "year": "1988-89",
   "note": "Before 1988-89 the UK series is the OBR’s historical defence figure; from 1988-89 it is HM Treasury’s PESA."
  },
  {
   "year": "2011-12",
   "note": "The MOD’s spending categories start in 2011-12; war pensions and the DE&S trading entity were classified differently before 2015-16."
  }
 ],
 "sources": [
  {
   "id": "hmt-pesa",
   "name": "PESA 2026: chapters 4 and 5 tables",
   "publisher": "HM Treasury",
   "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/public-expenditure-statistical-analyses-2026",
   "file": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx",
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 "notes": [
  "Money is £ million. The UK level is HM Treasury’s spending on defence by function; the MOD level is its total departmental expenditure limits. They measure different things and are not expected to match.",
  "NATO’s measure of core defence spending, and its share of GDP, is different again: it is NATO’s own definition, on NATO’s GDP basis, and is what the UK’s commitments are set against.",
  "Personnel are headcounts on the first day of each quarter."
 ],
 "extra": {
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    "support": 3804,
    "rd": 2677,
    "total": 10886
   },
   "2004-05": {
    "capital": 4555,
    "support": 3623,
    "rd": 2576,
    "total": 10754
   },
   "2005-06": {
    "capital": 4913,
    "support": 3542,
    "rd": 2519,
    "total": 10974
   },
   "2006-07": {
    "capital": 5146,
    "support": 3793,
    "rd": 2732,
    "total": 11672
   },
   "2007-08": {
    "capital": 5401,
    "support": 4272,
    "rd": 2707,
    "total": 12380
   },
   "2008-09": {
    "capital": 6669,
    "support": 4292,
    "rd": 2426,
    "total": 13386
   },
   "2009-10": {
    "capital": 6469,
    "support": 4212,
    "rd": 2493,
    "total": 13174
   },
   "2010-11": {
    "capital": 6815,
    "support": 4689,
    "rd": 2490,
    "total": 13994
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   "2011-12": {
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    "support": 6256,
    "rd": 2334,
    "total": 15368
   },
   "2012-13": {
    "capital": 6332,
    "support": 5588,
    "rd": 1998,
    "total": 13918
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   "2013-14": {
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    "support": 6411,
    "rd": 2373,
    "total": 15156
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   "2014-15": {
    "capital": 6601,
    "support": 6528,
    "rd": 3101,
    "total": 16230
   },
   "2015-16": {
    "capital": 6318,
    "support": 6452,
    "rd": 3021,
    "total": 15791
   },
   "2016-17": {
    "capital": 5601,
    "support": 6674,
    "rd": 3464,
    "total": 15739
   },
   "2017-18": {
    "capital": 5806,
    "support": 6831,
    "rd": 3288,
    "total": 15925
   },
   "2018-19": {
    "capital": 6652,
    "support": 7064,
    "rd": 3128,
    "total": 16844
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   "2019-20": {
    "capital": 9350,
    "support": 7050,
    "rd": 3252,
    "total": 19652
   },
   "2020-21": {
    "capital": 7701,
    "support": 7496,
    "rd": 3604,
    "total": 18801
   },
   "2021-22": {
    "capital": 8999,
    "support": 7773,
    "rd": 4471,
    "total": 21244
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   "2022-23": {
    "capital": 11082,
    "support": 8236,
    "rd": 4649,
    "total": 23967
   },
   "2023-24": {
    "capital": 10994,
    "support": 8292,
    "rd": 5874,
    "total": 25160
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   "2024-25": {
    "capital": 11806,
    "support": 9380,
    "rd": 6243,
    "total": 27429
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   "2004-05": 32515,
   "2005-06": 33164,
   "2006-07": 34045,
   "2007-08": 37387,
   "2008-09": 38579,
   "2009-10": 40246,
   "2010-11": 39461,
   "2011-12": 37169,
   "2012-13": 34260,
   "2013-14": 34559,
   "2014-15": 34365,
   "2015-16": 35100,
   "2016-17": 35283,
   "2017-18": 36605,
   "2018-19": 38026,
   "2019-20": 39834,
   "2020-21": 42365,
   "2021-22": 45930,
   "2022-23": 52801,
   "2023-24": 53908,
   "2024-25": 60225
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    "id": "2-5-2027",
    "date": "2025-02-25",
    "label": "2.5% of GDP on defence from April 2027, with an ambition of 3% in the next Parliament",
    "measure": "NATO",
    "sourceName": "Prime Minister's Office, statement of 25 February 2025",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-sets-out-biggest-sustained-increase-in-defence-spending-since-the-cold-war-protecting-british-people-in-new-era-for-national-security"
   },
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    "id": "nato-5-2035",
    "date": "2025-06-24",
    "label": "5% of GDP on national security by 2035: 3.5% on core defence and 1.5% on resilience and security",
    "measure": "NATO",
    "sourceName": "UK Government, NATO Hague summit announcement",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-to-deliver-on-5-nato-pledge-as-government-drives-greater-security-for-working-people"
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    "id": "dip-2026",
    "date": "2026-06-30",
    "label": "Defence Investment Plan: NATO core spending of 2.6% of GDP in 2026-27 and 2.7% in each year to 2029-30; 3% a commitment in the next Parliament",
    "measure": "NATO",
    "sourceName": "Ministry of Defence, the Defence Investment Plan: funding explainer",
    "sourceUrl": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-defence-investment-plan/the-defence-investment-plan-funding-explainer"
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    "2027-28": 73.8,
    "2028-29": 76.5,
    "2029-30": 79.1
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   "sourceName": "Ministry of Defence, the Defence Investment Plan: funding explainer",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-defence-investment-plan/the-defence-investment-plan-funding-explainer"
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   "budgetBn": 288.6,
   "gapBn": 16.9,
   "gapPercent": 6,
   "finding": "The National Audit Office found the plan unaffordable: forecast costs exceeded the budget by £16.9bn, the largest gap since it began reporting on the plan in 2012.",
   "published": "2023-12-04",
   "sourceName": "National Audit Office, The Equipment Plan 2023 to 2033",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.nao.org.uk/reports/equipment-plan-2023-to-2033/",
   "since": "No Equipment Plan has been published since. The Defence Investment Plan (30 June 2026) replaced it and does not include a costs-against-budget table; the National Audit Office has a review of its affordability under way."
  },
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   "label": "MOD annual report and accounts 2025-26",
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   "rdelM": 47924,
   "cdelM": 23066,
   "previousTotalM": 63995,
   "sourceName": "Ministry of Defence annual report and accounts 2025 to 2026",
   "sourceUrl": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ministry-of-defence-annual-report-and-accounts-2025-to-2026",
   "published": "2026-07-15"
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  "natoEdition": "2026",
  "lastVerified": "2026-09-24",
  "majorProjects": {
   "asAt": "March 2026",
   "publication": "NISTA Major Projects Annual Report 2025-26",
   "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nista-major-projects-annual-report-2025-26",
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   "ratings": {
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    "Green": 1,
    "Red": 9,
    "Amber": 10
   },
   "withCost": 24,
   "disclosedCostM": 95117,
   "withheld": 20,
   "largest": [
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     "name": "ASTUTE BOATS 1-7",
     "costM": 14428,
     "rating": null
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     "rating": null
    },
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     "name": "ARMOURED CAVALRY 2025",
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     "rating": "Red"
    },
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     "name": "CORE PRODUCTION CAPABILITY",
     "costM": 7784,
     "rating": "Amber"
    },
    {
     "name": "LAND ENVIRONMENT TACTICAL COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS",
     "costM": 7734,
     "rating": "Amber"
    },
    {
     "name": "DEFENCE ESTATE OPTIMISATION",
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     "rating": null
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    {
     "name": "MECHANISED INFANTRY PROGRAMME",
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     "name": "MENSA",
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 }
}