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"https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/scienceengineeringandtechnologystatisticsreferencetables/current/goverd2024.xlsx", "children": [ "set-mod-research", "set-mod-development" ], "note": "Defence R&D on the international (Frascati) definition. The series breaks in 2019-20, when £282 million a year was found not to be R&D." }, "set-intl-horizon": { "id": "set-intl-horizon", "name": "Horizon Europe and Copernicus association", "level": "line", "code": null, "codeScheme": "none", "nation": null, "years": { "2023-24": { "cash": 1060, "real": 1141.1, "perHead": 15.47, "perHeadReal": 16.65, "yoyCash": null, "yoyReal": null, "population": 68526200 }, "2024-25": { "cash": 1155, "real": 1194.8, "perHead": 16.67, "perHeadReal": 17.25, "yoyCash": 9, "yoyReal": 4.7, "population": 69281400 } }, "sourceIds": [ "ons-set" ], "children": [], "note": "Paid by DSIT from January 2024, when the UK associated." }, "set-intl-eu": { "id": "set-intl-eu", "name": "Indicative share of EU budget payments spent on R&D", "level": "line", "code": null, "codeScheme": "none", "nation": null, "years": { "2013-14": { "cash": 768, "real": 1087.9, "perHead": 11.97, "perHeadReal": 16.96, "yoyCash": null, "yoyReal": null, "population": 64138200 }, "2014-15": { "cash": 688, "real": 961, "perHead": 10.65, "perHeadReal": 14.87, "yoyCash": -10.4, "yoyReal": -11.7, "population": 64618700 }, "2015-16": { "cash": 915, "real": 1269.2, "perHead": 14.06, "perHeadReal": 19.5, "yoyCash": 33, "yoyReal": 32.1, "population": 65087000 }, "2016-17": { "cash": 921, "real": 1252.5, "perHead": 14.04, "perHeadReal": 19.09, "yoyCash": 0.7, "yoyReal": -1.3, "population": 65605800 }, "2017-18": { "cash": 961, "real": 1290.5, "perHead": 14.57, "perHeadReal": 19.56, "yoyCash": 4.3, "yoyReal": 3, "population": 65964300 }, "2018-19": { "cash": 947, "real": 1243.4, "perHead": 14.29, "perHeadReal": 18.76, "yoyCash": -1.5, "yoyReal": -3.7, "population": 66286700 }, "2019-20": { "cash": 1366, "real": 1747.4, "perHead": 20.5, "perHeadReal": 26.23, "yoyCash": 44.2, "yoyReal": 40.5, "population": 66627500 }, "2020-21": { "cash": 1261, "real": 1533, "perHead": 18.89, "perHeadReal": 22.97, "yoyCash": -7.7, "yoyReal": -12.3, "population": 66739900 }, "2021-22": { "cash": 732, "real": 887.8, "perHead": 10.93, "perHeadReal": 13.25, "yoyCash": -42, "yoyReal": -42.1, "population": 66978000 }, "2022-23": { "cash": 596, "real": 675.3, "perHead": 8.81, "perHeadReal": 9.98, "yoyCash": -18.6, "yoyReal": -23.9, "population": 67636100 }, "2023-24": { "cash": 375, "real": 403.7, "perHead": 5.47, "perHeadReal": 5.89, "yoyCash": -37.1, "yoyReal": -40.2, "population": 68526200 }, "2024-25": { "cash": 246, "real": 254.5, "perHead": 3.55, "perHeadReal": 3.67, "yoyCash": -34.4, "yoyReal": -37, "population": 69281400 } }, "sourceIds": [ "ons-set" ], "children": [], "note": "HM Treasury’s estimate of the R&D share of the UK’s payments to the EU budget, including those still due from membership." }, "set-intl": { "id": "set-intl", "name": "International programmes (Horizon Europe and EU)", "level": "body", "code": null, "codeScheme": "none", "nation": null, "years": { "2013-14": { "cash": 768, "real": 1087.9, "perHead": 11.97, "perHeadReal": 16.96, "yoyCash": null, "yoyReal": null, "population": 64138200 }, "2014-15": { "cash": 688, "real": 961, "perHead": 10.65, "perHeadReal": 14.87, "yoyCash": -10.4, "yoyReal": -11.7, "population": 64618700 }, "2015-16": { "cash": 915, "real": 1269.2, "perHead": 14.06, "perHeadReal": 19.5, "yoyCash": 33, "yoyReal": 32.1, "population": 65087000 }, "2016-17": { "cash": 921, "real": 1252.5, "perHead": 14.04, "perHeadReal": 19.09, "yoyCash": 0.7, "yoyReal": -1.3, "population": 65605800 }, "2017-18": { "cash": 961, "real": 1290.5, "perHead": 14.57, "perHeadReal": 19.56, "yoyCash": 4.3, "yoyReal": 3, "population": 65964300 }, "2018-19": { "cash": 947, "real": 1243.4, "perHead": 14.29, "perHeadReal": 18.76, "yoyCash": -1.5, "yoyReal": -3.7, "population": 66286700 }, "2019-20": { "cash": 1366, "real": 1747.4, "perHead": 20.5, "perHeadReal": 26.23, "yoyCash": 44.2, "yoyReal": 40.5, "population": 66627500 }, "2020-21": { "cash": 1261, "real": 1533, "perHead": 18.89, "perHeadReal": 22.97, "yoyCash": -7.7, "yoyReal": -12.3, "population": 66739900 }, "2021-22": { "cash": 732, "real": 887.8, "perHead": 10.93, "perHeadReal": 13.25, "yoyCash": -42, "yoyReal": -42.1, "population": 66978000 }, "2022-23": { "cash": 596, "real": 675.3, "perHead": 8.81, "perHeadReal": 9.98, "yoyCash": -18.6, "yoyReal": -23.9, "population": 67636100 }, "2023-24": { "cash": 1435, "real": 1544.8, "perHead": 20.94, "perHeadReal": 22.54, "yoyCash": 140.8, "yoyReal": 128.8, "population": 68526200 }, "2024-25": { "cash": 1401, "real": 1449.3, "perHead": 20.22, "perHeadReal": 20.92, "yoyCash": -2.4, "yoyReal": -6.2, "population": 69281400 } }, "sourceIds": [ "ons-set" ], "file": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/scienceengineeringandtechnologystatisticsreferencetables/current/goverd2024.xlsx", "children": [ "set-intl-horizon", "set-intl-eu" ], "note": "UK payments into international R&D programmes. ONS cannot say where or on what they are spent." }, "funders": { "id": "funders", "name": "Government R&D by funding body (ONS measure)", "level": "body", "code": null, "codeScheme": "none", "nation": null, "years": { "2013-14": { "cash": 10816, "real": 15321.2, "perHead": 168.64, "perHeadReal": 238.88, "yoyCash": null, "yoyReal": null, "population": 64138200 }, "2014-15": { "cash": 10941, "real": 15282.2, "perHead": 169.32, "perHeadReal": 236.5, "yoyCash": 1.2, "yoyReal": -0.3, "population": 64618700 }, "2015-16": { "cash": 11070, "real": 15355.8, "perHead": 170.08, "perHeadReal": 235.93, "yoyCash": 1.2, "yoyReal": 0.5, "population": 65087000 }, "2016-17": { "cash": 11255, "real": 15305.6, "perHead": 171.55, "perHeadReal": 233.3, "yoyCash": 1.7, "yoyReal": -0.3, "population": 65605800 }, "2017-18": { "cash": 11914, "real": 15999.1, "perHead": 180.61, "perHeadReal": 242.54, "yoyCash": 5.9, "yoyReal": 4.5, "population": 65964300 }, "2018-19": { "cash": 12765, "real": 16759.9, "perHead": 192.57, "perHeadReal": 252.84, "yoyCash": 7.1, "yoyReal": 4.8, "population": 66286700 }, "2019-20": { "cash": 13540, "real": 17320.4, "perHead": 203.22, "perHeadReal": 259.96, "yoyCash": 6.1, "yoyReal": 3.3, "population": 66627500 }, "2020-21": { "cash": 15266, "real": 18558.5, "perHead": 228.74, "perHeadReal": 278.07, "yoyCash": 12.7, "yoyReal": 7.1, "population": 66739900 }, "2021-22": { "cash": 14759, "real": 17899.4, "perHead": 220.36, "perHeadReal": 267.24, "yoyCash": -3.3, "yoyReal": -3.6, "population": 66978000 }, "2022-23": { "cash": 16098, "real": 18241.1, "perHead": 238.01, "perHeadReal": 269.69, "yoyCash": 9.1, "yoyReal": 1.9, "population": 67636100 }, "2023-24": { "cash": 18316, "real": 19717, "perHead": 267.28, "perHeadReal": 287.73, "yoyCash": 13.8, "yoyReal": 8.1, "population": 68526200 }, "2024-25": { "cash": 20444, "real": 21148.4, "perHead": 295.09, "perHeadReal": 305.25, "yoyCash": 11.6, "yoyReal": 7.3, "population": 69281400 } }, "sourceIds": [ "ons-set" ], "file": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/scienceengineeringandtechnologystatisticsreferencetables/current/goverd2024.xlsx", "children": [ "set-ukri", "set-civil", "set-hefb", "set-mod", "set-intl" ], "note": "ONS’s net R&D spending by UK government funders on the international (Frascati) definition, from 2013-14. It is a different measure from HM Treasury’s R&D by function above it and the two do not match: they differ on what counts as R&D and on timing." }, "uk": { "id": "uk", "name": "United Kingdom", "level": "uk", "code": "K02000001", "codeScheme": "ons", "nation": null, "years": { "2006-07": { "cash": 4851, "real": 7940.6, "perHead": 79.75, "perHeadReal": 130.54, "yoyCash": null, "yoyReal": null, "population": 60827000, "pctGdp": 0.32 }, "2007-08": { "cash": 5328, "real": 8554, "perHead": 86.89, "perHeadReal": 139.5, "yoyCash": 9.8, "yoyReal": 7.7, "population": 61319100, "pctGdp": 0.34 }, "2008-09": { "cash": 5916, "real": 9156.8, "perHead": 95.69, "perHeadReal": 148.11, "yoyCash": 11, "yoyReal": 7, "population": 61823800, "pctGdp": 0.37 }, "2009-10": { "cash": 6330, "real": 9672.5, "perHead": 101.67, "perHeadReal": 155.35, "yoyCash": 7, "yoyReal": 5.6, "population": 62260500, "pctGdp": 0.4 }, "2010-11": { "cash": 7739, "real": 11627.6, "perHead": 123.31, "perHeadReal": 185.27, "yoyCash": 22.3, "yoyReal": 20.2, "population": 62759500, "pctGdp": 0.47 }, "2011-12": { "cash": 9660, "real": 14210.5, "perHead": 152.64, "perHeadReal": 224.55, "yoyCash": 24.8, "yoyReal": 22.2, "population": 63285100, "pctGdp": 0.57 }, "2012-13": { "cash": 9085, "real": 13136.9, "perHead": 142.6, "perHeadReal": 206.2, "yoyCash": -6, "yoyReal": -7.6, "population": 63710500, "pctGdp": 0.52 }, "2013-14": { "cash": 10535, "real": 14923.1, "perHead": 164.25, "perHeadReal": 232.67, "yoyCash": 16, "yoyReal": 13.6, "population": 64138200, "pctGdp": 0.58 }, "2014-15": { "cash": 11004, "real": 15370.2, "perHead": 170.29, "perHeadReal": 237.86, "yoyCash": 4.5, "yoyReal": 3, "population": 64618700, "pctGdp": 0.58 }, "2015-16": { "cash": 11497, "real": 15948.1, "perHead": 176.64, "perHeadReal": 245.03, "yoyCash": 4.5, "yoyReal": 3.8, "population": 65087000, "pctGdp": 0.59 }, "2016-17": { "cash": 10286, "real": 13987.8, "perHead": 156.78, "perHeadReal": 213.21, "yoyCash": -10.5, "yoyReal": -12.3, "population": 65605800, "pctGdp": 0.51 }, "2017-18": { "cash": 11129, "real": 14945, "perHead": 168.71, "perHeadReal": 226.56, "yoyCash": 8.2, "yoyReal": 6.8, "population": 65964300, "pctGdp": 0.53 }, "2018-19": { "cash": 12338, "real": 16199.3, "perHead": 186.13, "perHeadReal": 244.38, "yoyCash": 10.9, "yoyReal": 8.4, "population": 66286700, "pctGdp": 0.56 }, "2019-20": { "cash": 12637, "real": 16165.3, "perHead": 189.67, "perHeadReal": 242.62, "yoyCash": 2.4, "yoyReal": -0.2, "population": 66627500, "pctGdp": 0.56 }, "2020-21": { "cash": 14843, "real": 18044.3, "perHead": 222.4, "perHeadReal": 270.37, "yoyCash": 17.5, "yoyReal": 11.6, "population": 66739900, "pctGdp": 0.7 }, "2021-22": { "cash": 13359, "real": 16201.5, "perHead": 199.45, "perHeadReal": 241.89, "yoyCash": -10, "yoyReal": -10.2, "population": 66978000, "pctGdp": 0.56 }, "2022-23": { "cash": 15152, "real": 17169.2, "perHead": 224.02, "perHeadReal": 253.85, "yoyCash": 13.4, "yoyReal": 6, "population": 67636100, "pctGdp": 0.58 }, "2023-24": { "cash": 17709, "real": 19063.6, "perHead": 258.43, "perHeadReal": 278.19, "yoyCash": 16.9, "yoyReal": 11, "population": 68526200, "pctGdp": 0.63 }, "2024-25": { "cash": 18792, "real": 19439.5, "perHead": 271.24, "perHeadReal": 280.59, "yoyCash": 6.1, "yoyReal": 2, "population": 69281400, "pctGdp": 0.64 }, "2025-26": { "cash": 20815, "real": 20815, "perHead": 299.55, "perHeadReal": 299.55, "yoyCash": 10.8, "yoyReal": 7.1, "population": 69487000, "pctGdp": 0.68 } }, "sourceIds": [ "hmt-pesa", "hmt-pesa-2021", "hmt-pesa-2016", "hmt-pesa-2011" ], "file": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx", "children": [ "funders", "E92000001", "S92000003", "W92000004", "N92000002" ], "note": "HM Treasury’s public spending on research and development: the R&D sub-function of each of the ten functions added up here (PESA table 5.2), from 2006-07. Every year comes from the newest PESA edition that publishes it." } }, "measures": { "defs": [ { "id": "award-value", "label": "UKRI awards made, value", "unit": "£m", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "Total value committed in UKRI competitive funding decisions made in the financial year (research grants, fellowships and training grants), by where the lead organisation is. A commitment is spread over the life of the grant, so this is not one year’s spending.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "award-value-per-head", "label": "UKRI awards made, per resident", "unit": "£", "dp": 2, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "UKRI award value committed in the year to lead organisations in the nation, divided by the nation’s ONS mid-year population. Universities serve the whole UK, so this is where research is led, not who benefits.", "comparable": true }, { "id": "awards", "label": "UKRI awards made", "unit": "awards", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "Applications UKRI decided to fund in the financial year.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "applications", "label": "Applications decided", "unit": "applications", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "Applications to UKRI that reached a funding decision in the financial year.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "award-rate", "label": "UKRI award rate", "unit": "%", "dp": 1, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "Applications funded as a share of applications decided in the financial year. It depends on the mix of schemes applied to, so it is compared with care.", "comparable": true }, { "id": "active-awards", "label": "Active UKRI awards", "unit": "awards", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "UKRI awards active at any point in the financial year.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "active-people", "label": "People named on active UKRI awards", "unit": "people", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "Distinct people named on UKRI awards active in the financial year (investigators, fellows and grant holders). The nearest published count of UKRI-funded researchers.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "active-studentships", "label": "Active UKRI studentships", "unit": "studentships", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "Doctoral studentships funded by UKRI and active in the financial year.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "studentship-starts", "label": "UKRI studentships starting", "unit": "studentships", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "UKRI-funded doctoral studentships starting in the financial year.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "gerd-pct-gdp", "label": "R&D in the UK, all funders, share of GDP", "unit": "%", "dp": 2, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "Gross domestic expenditure on R&D (GERD) by every sector as a share of GDP, calendar year (ONS). Business, universities, government and charities all count; government is one funder of several.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "gerd-total", "label": "R&D in the UK, all funders", "unit": "£m", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "Gross domestic expenditure on R&D, all funders and performers, current prices, calendar year (ONS).", "comparable": false }, { "id": "gerd-gov-funded", "label": "R&D funded by government", "unit": "£m", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "The part of GERD funded by government, UKRI and the higher education funding bodies, whoever performs it, calendar year (ONS).", "comparable": false }, { "id": "gerd-gov-share", "label": "Share of UK R&D funded by government", "unit": "%", "dp": 1, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "R&D funded by government as a share of all R&D performed in the UK, calendar year. Worked out here from the ONS figures.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "rd-performed", "label": "R&D performed in the area, all sectors", "unit": "£m", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "R&D performed by businesses, universities, government and charities located in the nation or region, calendar year (ONS). Some totals are withheld as confidential.", "comparable": false }, { "id": "rd-performed-gov", "label": "R&D performed by government and research councils", "unit": "£m", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "R&D carried out in the nation or region by government departments, research council institutes and other public bodies, calendar year (ONS).", "comparable": false }, { "id": "rd-performed-he", "label": "R&D performed by universities", "unit": "£m", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "R&D carried out in the nation or region by higher education institutions, from all funders, calendar year (ONS).", "comparable": false }, { "id": "staff-fte", "label": "Staff, full-time equivalent", "unit": "FTE", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "Staff employed at 31 March, full-time equivalent, from the body’s annual report and accounts (UKRI: its research institutes, facilities and head office, excluding Innovate UK Business Connect).", "comparable": false }, { "id": "allocation", "label": "Budget allocation (plan)", "unit": "£m", "dp": 0, "direction": "neutral", "definition": "The council’s core budget as allocated by the department at the start of the year. A plan, not spending; from 2026-27 UKRI no longer allocates by council.", "comparable": false } ], "byBody": { "K02000001": { "award-value": { "periods": { "2015-16": 3008, "2016-17": 3575, "2017-18": 4031, "2018-19": 4971, "2019-20": 5983, "2020-21": 7177, "2021-22": 6750, "2022-23": 8508, "2023-24": 9380, "2024-25": 7495, "2025-26": 5117 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest", "breaks": [ { "period": "2017-18", "note": "Series break: UKRI was formed on 1 April 2018 and the counting of applications changed." }, { "period": "2020-21", "note": "Covid-19 rapid response calls drew many small applications in 2020-21." } ] }, "awards": { "periods": { "2015-16": 6586, "2016-17": 5412, "2017-18": 5540, "2018-19": 5589, "2019-20": 5179, "2020-21": 9078, "2021-22": 6268, "2022-23": 7124, "2023-24": 7606, "2024-25": 5733, "2025-26": 3567 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest", "breaks": [ { "period": "2017-18", "note": "Series break: UKRI was formed on 1 April 2018 and the counting of applications changed." }, { 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4335, "2021-22": 1931, "2022-23": 3051, "2023-24": 3766, "2024-25": 2335, "2025-26": 1121 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "applications": { "periods": { "2015-16": 2871, "2016-17": 1425, "2017-18": 3738, "2018-19": 6645, "2019-20": 6308, "2020-21": 24366, "2021-22": 11163, "2022-23": 12122, "2023-24": 16757, "2024-25": 14214, "2025-26": 5603 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "award-rate": { "periods": { "2015-16": 100, "2016-17": 98.81, "2017-18": 44.25, "2018-19": 23.01, "2019-20": 20.15, "2020-21": 17.79, "2021-22": 17.3, "2022-23": 25.17, "2023-24": 22.47, "2024-25": 16.43, "2025-26": 20.01 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "allocation": { "periods": { "2022-23": 669, "2023-24": 799, "2024-25": 970, "2025-26": 948 }, "sourceId": "alloc-dsit-alloc-2025" } }, "ukri-mrc": { "award-value": { "periods": { "2015-16": 517, "2016-17": 393, "2017-18": 559, "2018-19": 514, "2019-20": 466, "2020-21": 429, "2021-22": 531, "2022-23": 690, "2023-24": 790, "2024-25": 655, "2025-26": 376 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "awards": { "periods": { "2015-16": 716, "2016-17": 639, "2017-18": 765, "2018-19": 561, "2019-20": 726, "2020-21": 481, "2021-22": 511, "2022-23": 547, "2023-24": 655, "2024-25": 520, "2025-26": 307 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "applications": { "periods": { "2015-16": 2428, "2016-17": 2396, "2017-18": 2311, "2018-19": 2124, "2019-20": 2439, "2020-21": 2173, "2021-22": 1820, "2022-23": 1899, "2023-24": 2008, "2024-25": 2751, "2025-26": 2475 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "award-rate": { "periods": { "2015-16": 29.49, "2016-17": 26.67, "2017-18": 33.1, "2018-19": 26.41, "2019-20": 29.77, "2020-21": 22.14, "2021-22": 28.08, "2022-23": 28.8, "2023-24": 32.62, "2024-25": 18.9, "2025-26": 12.4 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "allocation": { "periods": { "2022-23": 548, "2023-24": 587, "2024-25": 615, "2025-26": 602 }, "sourceId": "alloc-dsit-alloc-2025" } }, "ukri-nerc": { "award-value": { "periods": { "2015-16": 152, "2016-17": 209, "2017-18": 192, "2018-19": 332, "2019-20": 469, "2020-21": 189, "2021-22": 197, "2022-23": 260, "2023-24": 187, "2024-25": 392, "2025-26": 97 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "awards": { "periods": { "2015-16": 356, "2016-17": 563, "2017-18": 401, "2018-19": 345, "2019-20": 267, "2020-21": 241, "2021-22": 258, "2022-23": 447, "2023-24": 179, "2024-25": 255, "2025-26": 139 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "applications": { "periods": { "2015-16": 1346, "2016-17": 1863, "2017-18": 1373, "2018-19": 1356, "2019-20": 921, "2020-21": 1191, "2021-22": 917, "2022-23": 1500, "2023-24": 809, "2024-25": 1066, "2025-26": 853 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "award-rate": { "periods": { "2015-16": 26.45, "2016-17": 30.22, "2017-18": 29.21, "2018-19": 25.44, "2019-20": 28.99, "2020-21": 20.24, "2021-22": 28.14, "2022-23": 29.8, "2023-24": 22.13, "2024-25": 23.92, "2025-26": 16.3 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "allocation": { "periods": { "2022-23": 288, "2023-24": 311, "2024-25": 325, "2025-26": 327 }, "sourceId": "alloc-dsit-alloc-2025" } }, "ukri-re": { "award-value": { "periods": { "2018-19": 6, "2019-20": 2241, "2020-21": 2208, "2021-22": 2374, "2022-23": 2783, "2023-24": 2681, "2024-25": 2643, "2025-26": 2599 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "awards": { "periods": { "2018-19": 3, "2019-20": 188, "2020-21": 173, "2021-22": 150, "2022-23": 153, "2023-24": 151, "2024-25": 138, "2025-26": 132 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "applications": { "periods": { "2018-19": 4, "2019-20": 250, "2020-21": 251, "2021-22": 171, "2022-23": 154, "2023-24": 182, "2024-25": 139, "2025-26": 132 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "award-rate": { "periods": { "2018-19": 75, "2019-20": 75.2, "2020-21": 68.92, "2021-22": 87.72, "2022-23": 99.35, "2023-24": 82.97, "2024-25": 99.28, "2025-26": 100 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "allocation": { "periods": { "2022-23": 1730, "2023-24": 2163, "2024-25": 2333, "2025-26": 2359 }, "sourceId": "alloc-dsit-alloc-2025" } }, "ukri-stfc": { "award-value": { "periods": { "2015-16": 185, "2016-17": 108, "2017-18": 125, "2018-19": 140, "2019-20": 202, "2020-21": 202, "2021-22": 170, "2022-23": 259, "2023-24": 193, "2024-25": 102, "2025-26": 150 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "awards": { "periods": { "2015-16": 289, "2016-17": 246, "2017-18": 215, "2018-19": 268, "2019-20": 258, "2020-21": 269, "2021-22": 295, "2022-23": 308, "2023-24": 345, "2024-25": 182, "2025-26": 152 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "applications": { "periods": { "2015-16": 562, "2016-17": 507, "2017-18": 511, "2018-19": 500, "2019-20": 564, "2020-21": 504, "2021-22": 575, "2022-23": 592, "2023-24": 533, "2024-25": 610, "2025-26": 738 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "award-rate": { "periods": { "2015-16": 51.42, "2016-17": 48.52, "2017-18": 42.07, "2018-19": 53.6, "2019-20": 45.74, "2020-21": 53.37, "2021-22": 51.3, "2022-23": 52.03, "2023-24": 64.73, "2024-25": 29.84, "2025-26": 20.6 }, "sourceId": "ukri-invest" }, "allocation": { "periods": { "2022-23": 531, "2023-24": 544, "2024-25": 575, "2025-26": 618 }, "sourceId": "alloc-dsit-alloc-2025" } }, "ukri": { "staff-fte": { "periods": { "2025-26": 8551, "2024-25": 8663 }, "sourceId": "ukri-ara" } }, "aria": { "staff-fte": { "periods": { "2025-26": 81.5, "2024-25": 50.3 }, "sourceId": "aria-ara" } } }, "groups": [ { "id": "K02000001", "name": "United Kingdom", "members": [ "E92000001", "S92000003", "W92000004", "N92000002" ], "how": "UKRI’s and ONS’s own UK totals as published, which include awards whose lead organisation’s location is not known.", "kind": "national" }, { "id": "E92000001", "name": "England", "members": [ "E12000001", "E12000002", "E12000003", "E12000004", "E12000005", "E12000006", "E12000007", "E12000008", "E12000009" ], "how": "UKRI’s and ONS’s totals for England as published.", "kind": "national" } ] }, "levelNotes": { "local": "No public body publishes R&D spending by local authority. UKRI publishes its funding decisions by the English region and nation of the lead organisation, and Gateway to Research lists every award by lead organisation: both are below, not in this tree.", "line": "Individual grants are listed on Gateway to Research (gtr.ukri.org). The largest lead organisations are in the searchable table on this page." }, "breaks": [ { "year": "2011-12", "note": "Years before 2011-12 come from PESA 2011, which put almost no university research funding under R&D; later editions count it as education R&D. The rise is a change of classification, not new money." }, { "year": "2016-17", "note": "The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills became BEIS in July 2016." }, { "year": "2018-19", "note": "UKRI was formed in April 2018 from the seven research councils, Innovate UK and Research England." }, { "year": "2019-20", "note": "ONS’s Ministry of Defence R&D series breaks: £282 million a year was reassessed as not being R&D." }, { "year": "2023-24", "note": "BEIS was split in February 2023: science moved to the new Department for Science, Innovation and Technology (DSIT). The UK associated to Horizon Europe from January 2024." }, { "year": "2026-27", "note": "From 2026-27 UKRI allocates its budget by priority \"bucket\" rather than by council, so council budgets cannot be compared with earlier years. In July 2026 DSIT’s functions were redistributed; science and innovation moved to the renamed Department for Business, Innovation, Science and Trade (BIST)." } ], "sources": [ { "id": "hmt-pesa", "name": "PESA 2026: chapters 4 and 5 tables", "publisher": "HM Treasury", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/public-expenditure-statistical-analyses-2026", "file": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx", "published": "2026-07-16", "edition": "PESA 2026", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "hmt-pesa-2021", "name": "PESA 2021: chapter 4 and 5 tables", "publisher": "HM Treasury", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/public-expenditure-statistical-analyses-2021", "file": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60f573d2d3bf7f56824cc5f3/PESA_2021_CP_Chapter_5.xlsx", "published": null, "edition": "PESA 2021", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "hmt-pesa-2016", "name": "PESA 2016: chapter 4 and 5 tables", "publisher": "HM Treasury", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/public-expenditure-statistical-analyses-2016", "file": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f5c21e5274a2e87db561f/PESA_2016_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx", "published": null, "edition": "PESA 2016", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "hmt-pesa-2011", "name": "PESA 2011: chapter 4 and 5 tables", "publisher": "HM Treasury", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/public-expenditure-statistical-analyses-2011", "file": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c87a5ed915d6969f45852/pesa_2011_tables_chapter5.xlsx", "published": null, "edition": "PESA 2011", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "hmt-deflators", "name": "GDP deflators at market prices, and money GDP", "publisher": "HM Treasury", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/gdp-deflators-at-market-prices-and-money-gdp", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "ons-population", "name": "Population estimates (UK and nations time series; local authorities on Nomis)", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/populationestimates", "published": null, "edition": "mid-2025", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "hmt-cra", "name": "Country and regional analysis 2025: B tables", "publisher": "HM Treasury", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/country-and-regional-analysis-2025", "file": "https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691b09b184a267da57d705d1/CRA_2025_Chapter_B_tables.xlsx", "published": "2025-11-19", "edition": "2025", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "ons-set", "name": "Research and development expenditure by the UK government, 2024-25", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/scienceengineeringandtechnologystatisticsreferencetables", "file": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/scienceengineeringandtechnologystatisticsreferencetables/current/goverd2024.xlsx", "published": "2026-04-17", "edition": "2024-25", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "ons-gerd", "name": "Gross domestic expenditure on research and development, UK: 2024", "publisher": "Office for National Statistics", "url": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/ukgrossdomesticexpenditureonresearchanddevelopment2021designatedasnationalstatistics", "file": "https://www.ons.gov.uk/file?uri=/economy/governmentpublicsectorandtaxes/researchanddevelopmentexpenditure/datasets/ukgrossdomesticexpenditureonresearchanddevelopment2021designatedasnationalstatistics/2024/gerd2024.xlsx", "published": null, "edition": "2024", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "ukri-invest", "name": "UKRI investments and outputs data, April 2015 to March 2026", "publisher": "UK Research and Innovation", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/publications/ukri-investments-and-outputs/", "file": "https://www.ukri.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/160726-UKRI-investments-and-outputs-data-2015-2026.xlsx", "published": "2026-07-16", "edition": "2025-26", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "alloc-dsit-plans-2030", "name": "DSIT research and development plans to 2029 to 2030", "publisher": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dsit-research-and-development-plans-to-2029-to-2030", "file": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dsit-research-and-development-plans-to-2029-to-2030/dsit-research-and-development-rd-plans-to-20292030", "published": "2025-10-30", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "alloc-dsit-alloc-2025", "name": "DSIT research and development (R&D) allocations for 2025/2026", "publisher": "Department for Science, Innovation and Technology", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dsit-research-and-development-rd-allocations-for-20252026", "file": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/dsit-research-and-development-rd-allocations-for-20252026/dsit-research-and-development-rd-allocations-for-20252026", "published": "2025-04-04", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "alloc-beis-alloc-2022", "name": "BEIS R&D: UK Research and Innovation allocation 2022-2023 to 2024-2025", "publisher": "Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-research-and-development-rd-partner-organisation-allocation-2022-to-2025", "file": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/beis-research-and-development-rd-partner-organisation-allocation-2022-to-2025/beis-research-and-development-uk-research-and-innovation-allocation-2022-2023-to-2024-2025", "published": "2022-05-30", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "ukri-explainer", "name": "Budget allocations for UK Research and Innovation, 2026-27 to 2029-30", "publisher": "UK Research and Innovation", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/publications/explainer-ukri-budget-allocations/", "file": "https://www.ukri.org/publications/explainer-ukri-budget-allocations/budget-allocations-for-uk-research-and-innovation/", "published": "2025-12-17", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "ukri-ara", "name": "UKRI annual report and accounts 2025-26", "publisher": "UK Research and Innovation", "url": "https://www.ukri.org/publications/annual-report-and-accounts-2025-to-2026/ukri-annual-report-and-accounts-2025-to-2026/", "published": null, "edition": "2025-26", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "aria-ara", "name": "ARIA annual report and accounts 2025 to 2026", "publisher": "Advanced Research and Invention Agency", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/aria-annual-report-and-accounts-2025-to-2026--2/advanced-research-and-invention-agency-annual-report-and-accounts-2025-to-2026", "published": "2026-07-15", "edition": "2026-03-31", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "ukri-gtr", "name": "Gateway to Research: active projects, exported 2026-09-29", "publisher": "UK Research and Innovation", "url": "https://gtr.ukri.org/", "file": "https://gtr.ukri.org/search/project/csv?term=*&selectedFacets=c3RhdHVzfEFjdGl2ZXxzdHJpbmc%3D&fields=&type=&selectedSortableField=&selectedSortOrder=", "published": "2026-09-29", "edition": "2026-09-29", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "nista-gmpp", "name": "NISTA Major Projects Annual Report 2025-26", "publisher": "National Infrastructure and Service Transformation Authority", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/nista-major-projects-annual-report-2025-26", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "gov-horizon", "name": "Prime Minister's Office and DSIT, UK joins Horizon Europe under a new bespoke deal", "publisher": "Prime Minister’s Office and DSIT", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-joins-horizon-europe-under-a-new-bespoke-deal", "published": "2023-09-07", "licence": "ogl-3" }, { "id": "gov-mog-2026", "name": "Cabinet Office, Machinery of Government changes: fact sheet", "publisher": "Cabinet Office", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/machinery-of-government-changes-fact-sheet", "published": "2026-07-22", "licence": "ogl-3" } ], "notes": [ "Money is £ million, cash unless labelled real terms. Real terms use HM Treasury’s GDP deflator in the price base stated; ONS publishes its own constant-price R&D series on an R&D deflator, which is not used here.", "Four measures, not one: HM Treasury’s R&D by function (the UK total), ONS’s R&D by funding body (SET statistics), ONS’s gross domestic expenditure on R&D by every sector (GERD, calendar years), and UKRI’s funding decisions (commitments over the life of each grant). They are shown side by side and never added together.", "Nation figures are HM Treasury’s identifiable spending: they leave out R&D that cannot be assigned to one nation. UK-wide and nation figures are not added together.", "Budget allocations are plans. They are shown apart from outturn and never used in the money tree.", "The number of researchers in UK universities comes from HESA, whose files could not be read (they return 403 to automated requests), so the nearest published count, people named on active UKRI awards, is used instead." ], "extra": { "byFunction": [ { "id": "gps", "name": "General public services, including basic research", "cofog": "1.4-1.5", "years": { "2006-07": { "cash": 30, "real": 49.1, "perHead": 0.49, "perHeadReal": 0.81, "yoyCash": null, "yoyReal": null, "population": 60827000 }, "2007-08": { "cash": 21, "real": 33.7, "perHead": 0.34, "perHeadReal": 0.55, "yoyCash": -30, "yoyReal": -31.3, "population": 61319100 }, "2008-09": { "cash": 21, "real": 32.5, "perHead": 0.34, "perHeadReal": 0.53, "yoyCash": 0, "yoyReal": -3.5, "population": 61823800 }, "2009-10": { "cash": 21, "real": 32.1, "perHead": 0.34, "perHeadReal": 0.52, "yoyCash": 0, "yoyReal": -1.3, "population": 62260500 }, "2010-11": { "cash": 18, 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2309.6, "perHead": 24.81, "perHeadReal": 36.49, "yoyCash": -40.6, "yoyReal": -41.9, "population": 63285100 }, "2012-13": { "cash": 1467, "real": 2121.3, "perHead": 23.03, "perHeadReal": 33.3, "yoyCash": -6.6, "yoyReal": -8.2, "population": 63710500 }, "2013-14": { "cash": 1673, "real": 2369.8, "perHead": 26.08, "perHeadReal": 36.95, "yoyCash": 14, "yoyReal": 11.7, "population": 64138200 }, "2014-15": { "cash": 1950, "real": 2723.7, "perHead": 30.18, "perHeadReal": 42.15, "yoyCash": 16.6, "yoyReal": 14.9, "population": 64618700 }, "2015-16": { "cash": 1922, "real": 2666.1, "perHead": 29.53, "perHeadReal": 40.96, "yoyCash": -1.4, "yoyReal": -2.1, "population": 65087000 }, "2016-17": { "cash": 1296, "real": 1762.4, "perHead": 19.75, "perHeadReal": 26.86, "yoyCash": -32.6, "yoyReal": -33.9, "population": 65605800 }, "2017-18": { "cash": 1249, "real": 1677.3, "perHead": 18.93, "perHeadReal": 25.43, "yoyCash": -3.6, "yoyReal": -4.8, "population": 65964300 }, "2018-19": { "cash": 1339, 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"department": "DSIT", "rating": null, "costM": 5215, "science": false }, { "name": "Met Office Supercomputer Programme", "department": "DSIT", "rating": null, "costM": 1204, "science": true }, { "name": "MATRIX CLUSTER TRANSFORMATION PROGRAMME", "department": "DSIT", "rating": null, "costM": 890, "science": false }, { "name": "GOV.UK One Login", "department": "DSIT", "rating": "Amber", "costM": 709, "science": false }, { "name": "Shared Rural Network", "department": "DSIT", "rating": null, "costM": 328, "science": false } ] }, "horizon": { "id": "horizon-terms", "label": "UK association to Horizon Europe and Copernicus", "announced": "2023-09-07", "costsFrom": "2024-01-01", "terms": "The UK associated to Horizon Europe and Copernicus from 1 January 2024 under a bespoke agreement: no payment for the years UK researchers were excluded (2021 to 2023), and a new automatic clawback that compensates the UK if UK participants receive significantly less than the UK pays in. 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