# Blackpool: school funding per pupil url: https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/education/blackpool/ updated: 29 September 2026 licence: Our words, analysis, charts and derived calculations: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). Figures: each source's own licence, listed under Sources. publisher: [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk) # Blackpool: school funding per pupil Last updated 29 September 2026. Figures refresh every night. [How each figure is worked out](/methodology/). **£126m** for Blackpool in 2026-27, **£878** per resident, +0.6% on a year earlier after inflation. That is £6,867 of schools block funding per pupil in 2026-27, against £6,771 for England. 2026-27 is the provisional allocation, which DfE updates for the latest pupil numbers. Figure as of 19 November 2025. Source: [Department for Education](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691db46ee39a085bda43ef8d/NFF_summary_table_2026_to_2027_without_high_needs.ods). ## Key figures - £126m2026-27, cash +2.6% on a year earlier As of 19 November 2025 - £878Per resident, 2026-27 As of 19 November 2025 - £6,867Schools block funding per pupil, 2026-27 England: £6,771 As of 19 November 2025 - £6,732Schools block funding per pupil, real terms, 2026-27 England: £6,638 As of 19 November 2025 - £7,263Mainstream school funding per pupil, 2025-26 England: £6,996 As of 29 January 2026 Source: [Department for Education](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691db46ee39a085bda43ef8d/NFF_summary_table_2026_to_2027_without_high_needs.ods). ## Over time: cash, real terms and per resident **Blackpool: spending in cash and in 2025-26 prices, £ million** Real terms use HM Treasury’s GDP deflator, 2025-26 prices. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Cash | | --- | --- | --- | | 2019-20Details | £105.4m | £82.4m | | Cash£82.4m | | | | 2020-21Details | £111.5m | £91.7m | | Cash£91.7m | | | | 2021-22Details | £115.7m | £95.4m | | Cash£95.4m | | | | 2022-23Details | £114.7m | £101.2m | | Cash£101.2m | | | | 2023-24Details | £116.9m | £108.6m | | Cash£108.6m | | | | 2024-25Details | £122.3m | £118.2m | | Cash£118.2m | | | | 2025-26Details | £122.8m | £122.8m | | Cash£122.8m | | | | 2026-27Details | £123.5m | £126.0m | | Cash£126.0m | | | Figure as of 19 November 2025. Source: [Department for Education](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691db46ee39a085bda43ef8d/NFF_summary_table_2026_to_2027_without_high_needs.ods). **Blackpool: spending per resident, 2025-26 prices** Per resident divides by ONS mid-year population estimates. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Per resident, 2025-26 prices | Per resident, cash | | --- | --- | --- | | 2019-20Details | £740 | £579 | | Per resident, cash£579 | | | | 2020-21Details | £787 | £648 | | Per resident, cash£648 | | | | 2021-22Details | £821 | £677 | | Per resident, cash£677 | | | | 2022-23Details | £811 | £715 | | Per resident, cash£715 | | | | 2023-24Details | £820 | £762 | | Per resident, cash£762 | | | | 2024-25Details | £853 | £825 | | Per resident, cash£825 | | | | 2025-26Details | £856 | £856 | | Per resident, cash£856 | | | | 2026-27Details | £861 | £878 | | Per resident, cash£878 | | | Figure as of 19 November 2025. Source: [Department for Education](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691db46ee39a085bda43ef8d/NFF_summary_table_2026_to_2027_without_high_needs.ods). Source: Department for Education, [National funding formula tables for schools and high needs: summary tables, 2020-21 to 2026-27](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691db46ee39a085bda43ef8d/NFF_summary_table_2026_to_2027_without_high_needs.ods), published 19 November 2025. ## Where it sits, and what is below it - UK total - Nation - Department or service body - Local body - Spending category not published - Line or transaction not published - United Kingdom - England - Department for Education: total departmental expenditure limit - State-funded schools in England: core funding for pupils aged 5 to 16 - Blackpool ### Blackpool The schools block of the dedicated schools grant for pupils aged 5 to 16 in mainstream schools, with the grants later rolled into it. 2026-27 is the provisional allocation. High needs (special educational needs), early years and central services are separate blocks and are not included. **£126m** in 2026-27 (cash); £124m in 2025-26 prices; £878 per resident; +2.6% on a year earlier in cash, +0.6% in real terms. **Spending category: not published.** Each mainstream school’s 2025-26 allocation is in the table of schools on this authority’s page (DfE school-level funding). What each school then spends is published separately (consistent financial reporting for maintained schools, academy accounts returns for academies) and is not read here. Cash is as published. Real terms are in 2025-26 prices, using HM Treasury’s GDP deflator. Per resident divides by ONS mid-year population for the area the body serves. Changes compare the same body in consecutive years. ## What is recorded alongside the money These figures are published beside the funding, not as its result. Demand, geography, recording practice and many other things differ between areas and change over time; none of these charts shows cause and effect. | Measure | Blackpool | England | Period | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Schools block funding per pupilDetails | £6,867 | £6,771 | 2026-27 | | England£6,771Period2026-27 | | | | | Schools block funding per pupil, real termsDetails | £6,732 | £6,638 | 2026-27 | | England£6,638Period2026-27 | | | | | Mainstream school funding per pupilDetails | £7,263 | £6,996 | 2025-26 | | England£6,996Period2025-26 | | | | | Pupils per teacherDetails | 16.8 pupils per teacher | 17.9 pupils per teacher | 2025/26 | | England17.9 pupils per teacherPeriod2025/26 | | | | | Pupils in academiesDetails | 90.4% | 62.8% | 2025-26 | | England62.8%Period2025-26 | | | | | Apprenticeship starts per 100,000 peopleDetails | 1,142 per 100,000 | 959 per 100,000 | 2024/25 | | England959 per 100,000Period2024/25 | | | | **Schools block funding per pupil: Blackpool and comparisons** The local authority’s schools block of the dedicated schools grant, with the grants later rolled into it, divided by its schools block pupils (aged 5 to 16, in state-funded mainstream schools). Cash. Upper-tier authorities (counties, unitaries, metropolitan districts, London boroughs), England only. The latest year is the provisional allocation. Breaks in the series: 2020-21: From 2020-21 the teachers’ pay and pension grants are rolled in; each later year includes the grants rolled in the year after. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Blackpool | England | | --- | --- | --- | | 2019-20Details | £4,569 | £4,645 | | England£4,645 | | | | 2020-21Details | £5,056 | £5,063 | | England£5,063 | | | | 2021-22Details | £5,227 | £5,221 | | England£5,221 | | | | 2022-23Details | £5,555 | £5,534 | | England£5,534 | | | | 2023-24Details | £5,898 | £5,839 | | England£5,839 | | | | 2024-25Details | £6,384 | £6,298 | | England£6,298 | | | | 2025-26Details | £6,695 | £6,608 | | England£6,608 | | | | 2026-27Details | £6,867 | £6,771 | | England£6,771 | | | Figure as of 19 November 2025. Source: [Department for Education](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691db46ee39a085bda43ef8d/NFF_summary_table_2026_to_2027_without_high_needs.ods). **Schools block funding per pupil, real terms: Blackpool and comparisons** The same, in the dataset’s price base using HM Treasury’s GDP deflator. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Blackpool | England | | --- | --- | --- | | 2019-20Details | £5,844 | £5,941 | | England£5,941 | | | | 2020-21Details | £6,147 | £6,154 | | England£6,154 | | | | 2021-22Details | £6,339 | £6,332 | | England£6,332 | | | | 2022-23Details | £6,294 | £6,270 | | England£6,270 | | | | 2023-24Details | £6,349 | £6,286 | | England£6,286 | | | | 2024-25Details | £6,604 | £6,515 | | England£6,515 | | | | 2025-26Details | £6,695 | £6,608 | | England£6,608 | | | | 2026-27Details | £6,732 | £6,638 | | England£6,638 | | | Figure as of 19 November 2025. Source: [Department for Education](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691db46ee39a085bda43ef8d/NFF_summary_table_2026_to_2027_without_high_needs.ods). **Pupils per teacher: Blackpool and comparisons** Full-time equivalent pupils per full-time equivalent teacher (qualified and unqualified) in state-funded schools, November each year (the school workforce census), England. The period is the academic year that starts that autumn. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Blackpool | England | | --- | --- | --- | | 2010/11Details | 17.0 | 17.1 | | England17.1 | | | | 2011/12Details | 17.3 | 17.2 | | England17.2 | | | | 2012/13Details | 17.1 | 17.2 | | England17.2 | | | | 2013/14Details | 16.4 | 17.1 | | England17.1 | | | | 2014/15Details | 16.4 | 17.1 | | England17.1 | | | | 2015/16Details | 16.2 | 17.3 | | England17.3 | | | | 2016/17Details | 16.6 | 17.5 | | England17.5 | | | | 2017/18Details | 17.4 | 17.9 | | England17.9 | | | | 2018/19Details | 17.3 | 18.0 | | England18.0 | | | | 2019/20Details | 17.4 | 18.2 | | England18.2 | | | | 2020/21Details | 17.0 | 18.0 | | England18.0 | | | | 2021/22Details | 16.9 | 18.0 | | England18.0 | | | | 2022/23Details | 16.8 | 18.0 | | England18.0 | | | | 2023/24Details | 16.9 | 18.1 | | England18.1 | | | | 2024/25Details | 17.6 | 18.0 | | England18.0 | | | | 2025/26Details | 16.8 | 17.9 | | England17.9 | | | Figure as of 4 June 2026. Source: [Department for Education](https://content.explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/api/releases/32476c77-5ff3-4efb-ad1e-a2173e74a4d4/files?fileIds=8dabd610-1e0e-4cc5-9a1b-08dec23cd63c). **Apprenticeship starts per 100,000 people: Blackpool and comparisons** Apprenticeship starts by people living in the authority per 100,000 population, as DfE publishes it (on its own population estimate), England, academic year (August to July). Full years only. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Blackpool | England | | --- | --- | --- | | 2020/21Details | 1,189 | 906 | | England906 | | | | 2021/22Details | 1,249 | 980 | | England980 | | | | 2022/23Details | 1,219 | 938 | | England938 | | | | 2023/24Details | 1,163 | 932 | | England932 | | | | 2024/25Details | 1,142 | 959 | | England959 | | | Figure as of 16 July 2026. Source: [Department for Education](https://content.explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/api/releases/5fa09991-9ced-4ca5-b626-73b747df272d/files?fileIds=a2698709-3729-4419-b1ae-08de535e4630). ## Every mainstream school: its allocation for 2025-26 38 mainstream schools with 18,347 pupils were allocated £133m in 2025-26, £7,263 per pupil (England: £6,996). 90.4% of the pupils are in academies, which are funded directly by DfE on the same formula. Allocations differ mainly with pupils’ deprivation and prior attainment, school size and local costs; special schools and high-needs top-ups are not in this table. Search | School | Phase | Pupils | Per pupil | Total | URN | Academy | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Anchorsholme Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 599 | £5,466 | £3,273,843 | 140124 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils599Total£3,273,843URN140124AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Armfield AcademyDetails | All-through | 1,197 | £7,329 | £8,772,652 | 145863 | Yes | | PhaseAll-throughPupils1,197Total£8,772,652URN145863AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Baines' Endowed Church of England Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 462 | £6,265 | £2,894,363 | 141611 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils462Total£2,894,363URN141611AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Bispham Endowed Church of England Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 342 | £6,423 | £2,196,501 | 119411 | No | | PhasePrimaryPupils342Total£2,196,501URN119411AcademyNo | | | | | | | | Blackpool Aspire AcademyDetails | Secondary | 841 | £9,201 | £7,737,818 | 141132 | Yes | | PhaseSecondaryPupils841Total£7,737,818URN141132AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Blackpool Gateway AcademyDetails | Primary | 323 | £7,964 | £2,572,476 | 142175 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils323Total£2,572,476URN142175AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Blackpool St John's Church of England Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 208 | £7,538 | £1,567,910 | 119595 | No | | PhasePrimaryPupils208Total£1,567,910URN119595AcademyNo | | | | | | | | Blackpool St Nicholas CofE Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 414 | £5,510 | £2,281,036 | 119594 | No | | PhasePrimaryPupils414Total£2,281,036URN119594AcademyNo | | | | | | | | Boundary Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 411 | £7,505 | £3,084,705 | 150597 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils411Total£3,084,705URN150597AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Christ The King Catholic AcademyDetails | Primary | 217 | £6,962 | £1,510,843 | 141288 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils217Total£1,510,843URN141288AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Devonshire Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 412 | £7,541 | £3,106,820 | 140128 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils412Total£3,106,820URN140128AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Hawes Side AcademyDetails | Primary | 415 | £6,393 | £2,653,170 | 138538 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils415Total£2,653,170URN138538AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Highfield Leadership AcademyDetails | Secondary | 705 | £9,234 | £6,510,234 | 142469 | Yes | | PhaseSecondaryPupils705Total£6,510,234URN142469AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Holy Family Catholic Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 211 | £6,073 | £1,281,412 | 150579 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils211Total£1,281,412URN150579AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Kincraig Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 186 | £7,391 | £1,374,771 | 131414 | No | | PhasePrimaryPupils186Total£1,374,771URN131414AcademyNo | | | | | | | | Layton Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 619 | £6,675 | £4,132,049 | 119246 | No | | PhasePrimaryPupils619Total£4,132,049URN119246AcademyNo | | | | | | | | Marton Primary Academy and NurseryDetails | Primary | 279 | £6,977 | £1,946,672 | 141867 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils279Total£1,946,672URN141867AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Mereside Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 253 | £7,849 | £1,985,815 | 143771 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils253Total£1,985,815URN143771AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Montgomery AcademyDetails | Secondary | 1,182 | £7,813 | £9,234,382 | 137973 | Yes | | PhaseSecondaryPupils1,182Total£9,234,382URN137973AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Moor Park Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 361 | £6,209 | £2,241,298 | 151114 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils361Total£2,241,298URN151114AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Norbreck Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 587 | £5,513 | £3,235,875 | 138739 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils587Total£3,235,875URN138739AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Our Lady of The Assumption Catholic Primary School, BlackpoolDetails | Primary | 199 | £5,597 | £1,113,866 | 150866 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils199Total£1,113,866URN150866AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Revoe Learning AcademyDetails | Primary | 392 | £7,770 | £3,045,814 | 140673 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils392Total£3,045,814URN140673AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Roseacre Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 519 | £6,071 | £3,150,972 | 146743 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils519Total£3,150,972URN146743AcademyYes | | | | | | | | South Shore AcademyDetails | Secondary | 602 | £9,600 | £5,779,497 | 151443 | Yes | | PhaseSecondaryPupils602Total£5,779,497URN151443AcademyYes | | | | | | | | St Cuthbert's Catholic AcademyDetails | Primary | 206 | £7,065 | £1,455,464 | 141115 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils206Total£1,455,464URN141115AcademyYes | | | | | | | | St George's School A Church of England AcademyDetails | Secondary | 1,050 | £7,841 | £8,233,095 | 140759 | Yes | | PhaseSecondaryPupils1,050Total£8,233,095URN140759AcademyYes | | | | | | | | St John Vianney's Catholic Primary School, BlackpoolDetails | Primary | 423 | £5,900 | £2,495,818 | 150825 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils423Total£2,495,818URN150825AcademyYes | | | | | | | | St Kentigern's Catholic Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 210 | £6,321 | £1,327,436 | 149262 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils210Total£1,327,436URN149262AcademyYes | | | | | | | | St Mary's Catholic AcademyDetails | Secondary | 1,068 | £8,044 | £8,591,093 | 141257 | Yes | | PhaseSecondaryPupils1,068Total£8,591,093URN141257AcademyYes | | | | | | | | St Teresa's Catholic Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 209 | £6,097 | £1,274,197 | 149266 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils209Total£1,274,197URN149266AcademyYes | | | | | | | | St. Bernadette's Catholic Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 185 | £5,826 | £1,077,776 | 151273 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils185Total£1,077,776URN151273AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Stanley Primary SchoolDetails | Primary | 576 | £5,719 | £3,294,151 | 150594 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils576Total£3,294,151URN150594AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Thames Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 377 | £7,248 | £2,732,438 | 138927 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils377Total£2,732,438URN138927AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Unity Academy BlackpoolDetails | All-through | 936 | £8,381 | £7,844,198 | 139675 | Yes | | PhaseAll-throughPupils936Total£7,844,198URN139675AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Waterloo Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 559 | £6,884 | £3,848,004 | 138300 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils559Total£3,848,004URN138300AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Westcliff Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 213 | £5,918 | £1,260,488 | 137359 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils213Total£1,260,488URN137359AcademyYes | | | | | | | | Westminster Primary AcademyDetails | Primary | 399 | £7,850 | £3,132,015 | 144945 | Yes | | PhasePrimaryPupils399Total£3,132,015URN144945AcademyYes | | | | | | | Total is the school’s core schools block allocation plus pupil premium, the universal infant free school meals and PE and sport grants, and the teachers’ pay, National Insurance and schools budget support grants, as DfE lists them. Per pupil divides it by the school’s pupils. Each school’s record on the Get Information about Schools register is found by its URN. Source: Department for Education, [School funding statistics, Financial year 2025-26: national time series and school-level allocations](https://content.explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/api/releases/411975aa-f198-46f7-a860-e9e896a4b710/files?fileIds=3cdb48c0-bbd2-4fcf-2164-08de5d89a127), published 29 January 2026. ## What these figures do and don't show - **Different measures at each level.** The UK and nation totals are HM Treasury’s spending on education by function. Below them are each publisher’s own measures: DfE’s core schools budget, each authority’s schools block, councils’ net education spending. They are not expected to add up to the level above. - **England is not the UK.** Education is devolved. The schools block, school allocations, the school workforce, apprenticeships and the student loan book shown here are England’s, and are never added to UK or other nations’ figures. - **Per pupil is not comparable across nations.** England’s schools block, Wales’s figures and Scotland’s council spending per pupil measure different things, so each authority is compared only with its own nation. - **Student loans are lending, not spending.** The money lent, repaid and still owed is shown beside the spending, not added to it. Only the part not expected to be repaid counts as spending, on the basis the Office for National Statistics introduced in 2018. - **Nothing here shows cause and effect.** Pupils per teacher, apprenticeship starts and other figures are shown alongside the money, not as its result. Areas differ in deprivation, sparsity, pupils with special needs and costs, which is why funding per pupil differs. - **Allocations are not spending.** School-level figures are what each school was allocated for the year, not what it spent; the latest schools block year is provisional. Where this sits: United Kingdom → England → Department for Education: total departmental expenditure limit → State-funded schools in England: core funding for pupils aged 5 to 16 → Blackpool. Figures from data/services/education.json, generated 29 September 2026. ## Use this data The figures belong to the bodies that published them and are used under their terms, listed in [Sources for this page](#sources); most are Crown copyright under the Open Government Licence. Only our own words, analysis, charts and derived calculations are ours, published under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/): reuse them, including commercially, if you credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk) and link back to this page. ### Download - [Blackpool: the dataset (CSV)](/data/services/education.csv) [JSON](/data/services/education.json) - [All data, field definitions and licences](/data/) ## Sources for this page | Source | Publisher | Figures as of | Updated | Licence | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [National funding formula tables for schools and high needs: summary tables, 2020-21 to 2026-27](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691db46ee39a085bda43ef8d/NFF_summary_table_2026_to_2027_without_high_needs.ods) | Department for Education | 19 November 2025 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [School funding statistics, Financial year 2025-26: national time series and school-level allocations](https://content.explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/api/releases/411975aa-f198-46f7-a860-e9e896a4b710/files?fileIds=3cdb48c0-bbd2-4fcf-2164-08de5d89a127) | Department for Education | 29 January 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [School workforce in England, Reporting year 2025: size of the workforce and pupil to teacher ratios](https://content.explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/api/releases/32476c77-5ff3-4efb-ad1e-a2173e74a4d4/files?fileIds=8dabd610-1e0e-4cc5-9a1b-08dec23cd63c) | Department for Education | 4 June 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [Apprenticeships, Academic year 2025/26](https://content.explore-education-statistics.service.gov.uk/api/releases/5fa09991-9ced-4ca5-b626-73b747df272d/files?fileIds=a2698709-3729-4419-b1ae-08de535e4630) | Department for Education | 16 July 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | Each source's figures are used under the licence shown. Our own words, analysis, charts and derived calculations are ours, under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ## Related pages - [Back to Education: schools, colleges, universities and student loans](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/education/) - [Where does my tax money actually go?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/for-every-100-pounds-of-tax/) - [How much is council tax and what does it pay for?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/council-tax/) - [How much crime is there where I live?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/crime/) ## More from this publisher - [UK tax calculators](https://howlongisit.co.uk) Published by [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). Our words, analysis, charts and derived calculations: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). The figures belong to the publishers listed under Sources and are used under their licences. Figures last updated 29 September 2026.