# Justice: courts, prisons, probation and legal aid url: https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/justice/ updated: 29 September 2026 licence: Our words, analysis, charts and derived calculations: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). Figures: each source's own licence, listed under Sources. publisher: [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk) # Justice: courts, prisons, probation and legal aid Last updated 29 September 2026. Figures refresh every night. [How each figure is worked out](/methodology/). **£18.4bn** was spent on courts and prisons in the UK in 2025-26, **£265** per resident. That is +7.0% on a year earlier after inflation (+10.7% in cash). In 2025-26 prices it has gone from £16.7bn in 2006-07 to £18.4bn. A prisoner in England and Wales cost £56,618 a year in 2024-25. The Crown Court had 80,829 cases open at the end of 2026 Q2. Figure as of 16 July 2026. Source: [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60f573d2d3bf7f56824cc5f3/PESA_2021_CP_Chapter_5.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f5c21e5274a2e87db561f/PESA_2016_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c87a5ed915d6969f45852/pesa_2011_tables_chapter5.xlsx). ## Key figures - £18.4bnSpent in 2025-26, cash +10.7% on a year earlier As of 16 July 2026 - +7.0%Real-terms change, 2025-26 on a year earlier £18.4bn in 2025-26 prices As of 16 July 2026 - £265Per resident, 2025-26 As of 16 July 2026 - £56,618Cost per prisoner, England and Wales, 2024-25 As of 26 March 2026 - 80,829Crown Court cases open, end of 2026 Q2 As of 24 September 2026 Sources: [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69bbeee14b1db2e4ba9b6492/costs-per-prison-place-prisoner-individual-prison-2024-25.ods). ## What is the short version? - **Three justice systems:** England and Wales (one jurisdiction), Scotland and Northern Ireland, each counted on its own. - **Every prison in England and Wales has a page:** its cost per prisoner and per place since 2015-16, how full it is each month, and its staff. - **Courts, probation and legal aid** are shown with the Crown Court backlog, the probation caseload and legal aid by scheme since 2005-06. ## Over the longest run published: cash, real terms and per head **United Kingdom: spending in cash and in 2025-26 prices, £ billion** Real terms use HM Treasury’s GDP deflator, 2025-26 prices. Breaks in the series: 2007-08: The Ministry of Justice was created in May 2007 from the Department for Constitutional Affairs and the Home Office’s prisons and probation. 2011-12: HM Courts and Tribunals Service formed in April 2011 from HM Courts Service and the Tribunals Service. The departmental series starts in 2011-12. 2013-14: The Legal Aid Agency replaced the Legal Services Commission in April 2013 (and legal aid was cut back by the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012); Central Funds moved to it. 2014-15: Probation was split between the National Probation Service and 21 community rehabilitation companies (2014-15). 2017-18: HM Prison and Probation Service replaced the National Offender Management Service in April 2017. 2021-22: Probation was brought back into one public Probation Service in June 2021. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Cash | | --- | --- | --- | | 2006-07Details | £16.7bn | £10.2bn | | Cash£10.2bn | | | | 2007-08Details | £17.6bn | £10.9bn | | Cash£10.9bn | | | | 2008-09Details | £17.8bn | £11.5bn | | Cash£11.5bn | | | | 2009-10Details | £17.4bn | £11.4bn | | Cash£11.4bn | | | | 2010-11Details | £16.8bn | £11.2bn | | Cash£11.2bn | | | | 2011-12Details | £15.7bn | £10.7bn | | Cash£10.7bn | | | | 2012-13Details | £14.9bn | £10.3bn | | Cash£10.3bn | | | | 2013-14Details | £13.6bn | £9.6bn | | Cash£9.6bn | | | | 2014-15Details | £13.0bn | £9.3bn | | Cash£9.3bn | | | | 2015-16Details | £13.6bn | £9.8bn | | Cash£9.8bn | | | | 2016-17Details | £13.7bn | £10.1bn | | Cash£10.1bn | | | | 2017-18Details | £13.9bn | £10.4bn | | Cash£10.4bn | | | | 2018-19Details | £14.2bn | £10.8bn | | Cash£10.8bn | | | | 2019-20Details | £14.4bn | £11.2bn | | Cash£11.2bn | | | | 2020-21Details | £14.8bn | £12.2bn | | Cash£12.2bn | | | | 2021-22Details | £16.0bn | £13.2bn | | Cash£13.2bn | | | | 2022-23Details | £16.1bn | £14.2bn | | Cash£14.2bn | | | | 2023-24Details | £16.8bn | £15.6bn | | Cash£15.6bn | | | | 2024-25Details | £17.2bn | £16.7bn | | Cash£16.7bn | | | | 2025-26Details | £18.4bn | £18.4bn | | Cash£18.4bn | | | Figure as of 16 July 2026. Source: [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60f573d2d3bf7f56824cc5f3/PESA_2021_CP_Chapter_5.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f5c21e5274a2e87db561f/PESA_2016_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c87a5ed915d6969f45852/pesa_2011_tables_chapter5.xlsx). **United Kingdom: spending per resident, 2025-26 prices** Per resident divides by ONS mid-year population estimates. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Per resident, 2025-26 prices | Per resident, cash | | --- | --- | --- | | 2006-07Details | £275 | £168 | | Per resident, cash£168 | | | | 2007-08Details | £287 | £178 | | Per resident, cash£178 | | | | 2008-09Details | £289 | £186 | | Per resident, cash£186 | | | | 2009-10Details | £280 | £183 | | Per resident, cash£183 | | | | 2010-11Details | £268 | £178 | | Per resident, cash£178 | | | | 2011-12Details | £248 | £169 | | Per resident, cash£169 | | | | 2012-13Details | £234 | £162 | | Per resident, cash£162 | | | | 2013-14Details | £212 | £150 | | Per resident, cash£150 | | | | 2014-15Details | £201 | £144 | | Per resident, cash£144 | | | | 2015-16Details | £209 | £150 | | Per resident, cash£150 | | | | 2016-17Details | £209 | £153 | | Per resident, cash£153 | | | | 2017-18Details | £211 | £157 | | Per resident, cash£157 | | | | 2018-19Details | £215 | £163 | | Per resident, cash£163 | | | | 2019-20Details | £216 | £169 | | Per resident, cash£169 | | | | 2020-21Details | £222 | £183 | | Per resident, cash£183 | | | | 2021-22Details | £239 | £197 | | Per resident, cash£197 | | | | 2022-23Details | £237 | £209 | | Per resident, cash£209 | | | | 2023-24Details | £244 | £227 | | Per resident, cash£227 | | | | 2024-25Details | £249 | £240 | | Per resident, cash£240 | | | | 2025-26Details | £265 | £265 | | Per resident, cash£265 | | | Figure as of 16 July 2026. Source: [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60f573d2d3bf7f56824cc5f3/PESA_2021_CP_Chapter_5.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f5c21e5274a2e87db561f/PESA_2016_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c87a5ed915d6969f45852/pesa_2011_tables_chapter5.xlsx). **Spending per resident by nation, 2024-25** Each nation is divided by its own population, so the figures compare like for like. England-only and UK-wide spending are never added together here. **The numbers behind this chart** | Item | £ per resident, 2024-25, cash | | --- | --- | | England and Wales | £241 | | Scotland | £235 | | Northern Ireland | £245 | Figure as of 16 July 2026. Source: [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60f573d2d3bf7f56824cc5f3/PESA_2021_CP_Chapter_5.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f5c21e5274a2e87db561f/PESA_2016_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c87a5ed915d6969f45852/pesa_2011_tables_chapter5.xlsx). Source: HM Treasury, [PESA 2026: chapters 4 and 5 tables](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx), published 16 July 2026; HM Treasury, [PESA 2021: chapter 4 and 5 tables](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60f573d2d3bf7f56824cc5f3/PESA_2021_CP_Chapter_5.xlsx); HM Treasury, [PESA 2016: chapter 4 and 5 tables](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f5c21e5274a2e87db561f/PESA_2016_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx); HM Treasury, [PESA 2011: chapter 4 and 5 tables](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c87a5ed915d6969f45852/pesa_2011_tables_chapter5.xlsx). ## Prisons: what each one costs, and how full it is In 2024-25 a prison place in England and Wales cost **£56,618** per prisoner on HMPPS’s measure, which adds each prison’s share of regional and national costs to what it spends itself. In August 2026 prisons held **86,843** people, **101.3%** of their uncrowded places. Every prison has its own page. **Cost per prisoner, England and Wales, cash** Cash, not adjusted for inflation. HMPPS’s own tables give the real-terms change on the year before only. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Overall cost per prisoner | Spent at the prison only | | --- | --- | --- | | 2015-16Details | £32,510 | £22,407 | | Spent at the prison only£22,407 | | | | 2016-17Details | £35,371 | £22,933 | | Spent at the prison only£22,933 | | | | 2017-18Details | £37,543 | £24,151 | | Spent at the prison only£24,151 | | | | 2018-19Details | £41,136 | £26,133 | | Spent at the prison only£26,133 | | | | 2019-20Details | £42,670 | £28,974 | | Spent at the prison only£28,974 | | | | 2020-21Details | £48,409 | £32,716 | | Spent at the prison only£32,716 | | | | 2021-22Details | £47,434 | £31,476 | | Spent at the prison only£31,476 | | | | 2022-23Details | £51,108 | £33,628 | | Spent at the prison only£33,628 | | | | 2023-24Details | £53,801 | £35,053 | | Spent at the prison only£35,053 | | | | 2024-25Details | £56,618 | £37,845 | | Spent at the prison only£37,845 | | | Figure as of 26 March 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69bbeee14b1db2e4ba9b6492/costs-per-prison-place-prisoner-individual-prison-2024-25.ods). **Prison population against capacity, England and Wales** Monthly bulletin. Usable capacity is lower than the sum shown: HMPPS keeps an operating margin of places it cannot use because of the mix of prisoners. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Population | Operational capacity (sum of prisons) | | --- | --- | --- | | January 2025Details | 86,463 | 88,662 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)88,662 | | | | February 2025Details | 87,199 | 88,635 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)88,635 | | | | March 2025Details | 87,919 | 88,925 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)88,925 | | | | April 2025Details | 88,084 | 89,228 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,228 | | | | May 2025Details | 88,103 | 89,551 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,551 | | | | June 2025Details | 87,334 | 89,573 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,573 | | | | July 2025Details | 87,966 | 89,373 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,373 | | | | August 2025Details | 88,273 | 89,627 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,627 | | | | September 2025Details | 87,336 | 89,437 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,437 | | | | October 2025Details | 87,413 | 89,311 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,311 | | | | November 2025Details | 87,332 | 89,334 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,334 | | | | December 2025Details | 86,596 | 89,464 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,464 | | | | January 2026Details | 87,212 | 89,671 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,671 | | | | February 2026Details | 87,367 | 89,792 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,792 | | | | March 2026Details | 87,292 | 89,795 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,795 | | | | April 2026Details | 85,704 | 89,765 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,765 | | | | May 2026Details | 85,992 | 89,662 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,662 | | | | June 2026Details | 85,761 | 89,120 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)89,120 | | | | July 2026Details | 86,267 | 88,895 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)88,895 | | | | August 2026Details | 86,843 | 88,937 | | Operational capacity (sum of prisons)88,937 | | | Figure as of 7 September 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a9e97fd3b22fb169dc192dd/prison-pop-august-2026.ODS). **Average prison population by year, England and Wales** **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Average population | | --- | --- | | 2015 | 85,640 | | 2016 | 85,348 | | 2017 | 85,632 | | 2018 | 83,296 | | 2019 | 82,935 | | 2020 | 80,366 | | 2021 | 78,536 | | 2022 | 80,798 | | 2023 | 85,968 | | 2024 | 87,256 | | 2025 | 87,279 | Figure as of 30 July 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a69e0e116bc92f51e1a4310/prison-population-2026.ods). [Every prison in England and Wales, searchable, each with its own page](/justice/prisons/): cost per prisoner and per place, population, crowding and staff. Costs are for 2024-25; population and capacity for August 2026; staff for June 2026. Contracted (private) prisons are costed on a different basis (PFI prisons include interest on capital) and their staff are not on the HMPPS payroll. Council area is where the prison is, from its GOV.UK page; some privately run prisons have none. | Prison service | Year | Cost | What it counts | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | England and Wales (HMPPS)Details | 2024-25 | £59,026 | Overall resource cost per baseline place, including national costs | | Year2024-25What it countsOverall resource cost per baseline place, including national costs | | | | | Scotland (Scottish Prison Service)Details | 2024-25 | £52,260 | Excludes capital charges, exceptional payments and escort contract | | Year2024-25What it countsExcludes capital charges, exceptional payments and escort contract | | | | | Northern Ireland (NI Prison Service)Details | 2024-25 | £57,180 | Excludes exceptional payments, escorting and court custody | | Year2024-25What it countsExcludes exceptional payments, escorting and court custody | | | | Each service defines its cost per place differently, so the three are shown side by side, not ranked or added. Source: Ministry of Justice, [Costs per prison place and cost per prisoner by individual prison, 2015-16 to 2024-25 (HMPPS annual report and accounts, management information addendum)](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69bbeee14b1db2e4ba9b6492/costs-per-prison-place-prisoner-individual-prison-2024-25.ods), published 26 March 2026; Ministry of Justice, [Prison population: monthly bulletin (2025-01 to 2026-08)](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a9e97fd3b22fb169dc192dd/prison-pop-august-2026.ODS), published 7 September 2026; Ministry of Justice, [Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2026: annual prison population](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a69e0e116bc92f51e1a4310/prison-population-2026.ods), published 30 July 2026; Scottish Prison Service, [Scottish Prison Service, Annual Report and Accounts 2024-25](https://www.sps.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-12/SPS%20Annual%20Report%202024%20-25.pdf); Northern Ireland Prison Service, [Northern Ireland Prison Service, Annual Report and Accounts 2024-25](https://www.justice-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-07/2024-25%20Annual%20Report%20and%20Accounts%20-%20Northern%20Ireland%20Prison%20Service.PDF). ## Courts: the Crown Court backlog At the end of 2026 Q2 the Crown Court had **80,829** criminal cases open, against 38,341 at the end of 2019. HMCTS runs the courts and tribunals of England and Wales; its spending is in the drill-down below. **Crown Court: cases open at quarter end, received and disposed of** **The numbers behind this chart** Search | Year | Open at quarter end | Received in the quarter | Disposed of in the quarter | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2016 Q1Details | 48,308 | 28,685 | 32,100 | | Received in the quarter28,685Disposed of in the quarter32,100 | | | | | 2016 Q2Details | 44,916 | 27,767 | 31,037 | | Received in the quarter27,767Disposed of in the quarter31,037 | | | | | 2016 Q3Details | 43,520 | 28,345 | 29,597 | | Received in the quarter28,345Disposed of in the quarter29,597 | | | | | 2016 Q4Details | 43,170 | 27,223 | 27,401 | | Received in the quarter27,223Disposed of in the quarter27,401 | | | | | 2017 Q1Details | 41,775 | 28,671 | 29,985 | | Received in the quarter28,671Disposed of in the quarter29,985 | | | | | 2017 Q2Details | 41,185 | 27,767 | 28,153 | | Received in the quarter27,767Disposed of in the quarter28,153 | | | | | 2017 Q3Details | 40,292 | 27,110 | 27,937 | | Received in the quarter27,110Disposed of in the quarter27,937 | | | | | 2017 Q4Details | 39,082 | 25,849 | 26,964 | | Received in the quarter25,849Disposed of in the quarter26,964 | | | | | 2018 Q1Details | 36,951 | 24,864 | 26,967 | | Received in the quarter24,864Disposed of in the quarter26,967 | | | | | 2018 Q2Details | 35,753 | 24,360 | 25,449 | | Received in the quarter24,360Disposed of in the quarter25,449 | | | | | 2018 Q3Details | 34,765 | 24,910 | 25,742 | | Received in the quarter24,910Disposed of in the quarter25,742 | | | | | 2018 Q4Details | 33,188 | 23,996 | 25,460 | | Received in the quarter23,996Disposed of in the quarter25,460 | | | | | 2019 Q1Details | 33,264 | 25,301 | 25,309 | | Received in the quarter25,301Disposed of in the quarter25,309 | | | | | 2019 Q2Details | 34,388 | 25,364 | 24,178 | | Received in the quarter25,364Disposed of in the quarter24,178 | | | | | 2019 Q3Details | 35,622 | 26,115 | 24,754 | | Received in the quarter26,115Disposed of in the quarter24,754 | | | | | 2019 Q4Details | 38,341 | 25,707 | 23,132 | | Received in the quarter25,707Disposed of in the quarter23,132 | | | | | 2020 Q1Details | 41,202 | 25,554 | 22,813 | | Received in the quarter25,554Disposed of in the quarter22,813 | | | | | 2020 Q2Details | 43,403 | 14,016 | 12,045 | | Received in the quarter14,016Disposed of in the quarter12,045 | | | | | 2020 Q3Details | 51,589 | 28,255 | 19,922 | | Received in the quarter28,255Disposed of in the quarter19,922 | | | | | 2020 Q4Details | 57,378 | 27,724 | 21,792 | | Received in the quarter27,724Disposed of in the quarter21,792 | | | | | 2021 Q1Details | 60,176 | 25,916 | 23,075 | | Received in the quarter25,916Disposed of in the quarter23,075 | | | | | 2021 Q2Details | 61,218 | 24,736 | 23,575 | | Received in the quarter24,736Disposed of in the quarter23,575 | | | | | 2021 Q3Details | 60,314 | 22,953 | 23,589 | | Received in the quarter22,953Disposed of in the quarter23,589 | | | | | 2021 Q4Details | 59,008 | 21,989 | 23,160 | | Received in the quarter21,989Disposed of in the quarter23,160 | | | | | 2022 Q1Details | 58,541 | 24,065 | 24,451 | | Received in the quarter24,065Disposed of in the quarter24,451 | | | | | 2022 Q2Details | 59,867 | 23,637 | 22,209 | | Received in the quarter23,637Disposed of in the quarter22,209 | | | | | 2022 Q3Details | 63,471 | 23,551 | 19,699 | | Received in the quarter23,551Disposed of in the quarter19,699 | | | | | 2022 Q4Details | 63,142 | 23,545 | 23,765 | | Received in the quarter23,545Disposed of in the quarter23,765 | | | | | 2023 Q1Details | 62,471 | 24,819 | 25,425 | | Received in the quarter24,819Disposed of in the quarter25,425 | | | | | 2023 Q2Details | 65,068 | 26,903 | 24,005 | | Received in the quarter26,903Disposed of in the quarter24,005 | | | | | 2023 Q3Details | 66,790 | 28,361 | 26,414 | | Received in the quarter28,361Disposed of in the quarter26,414 | | | | | 2023 Q4Details | 67,599 | 27,334 | 26,305 | | Received in the quarter27,334Disposed of in the quarter26,305 | | | | | 2024 Q1Details | 69,303 | 29,998 | 28,236 | | Received in the quarter29,998Disposed of in the quarter28,236 | | | | | 2024 Q2Details | 71,184 | 30,367 | 28,195 | | Received in the quarter30,367Disposed of in the quarter28,195 | | | | | 2024 Q3Details | 73,142 | 31,752 | 29,553 | | Received in the quarter31,752Disposed of in the quarter29,553 | | | | | 2024 Q4Details | 74,472 | 29,542 | 28,253 | | Received in the quarter29,542Disposed of in the quarter28,253 | | | | | 2025 Q1Details | 76,798 | 30,193 | 27,986 | | Received in the quarter30,193Disposed of in the quarter27,986 | | | | | 2025 Q2Details | 78,226 | 30,505 | 28,851 | | Received in the quarter30,505Disposed of in the quarter28,851 | | | | | 2025 Q3Details | 79,700 | 30,406 | 28,850 | | Received in the quarter30,406Disposed of in the quarter28,850 | | | | | 2025 Q4Details | 80,462 | 29,589 | 28,803 | | Received in the quarter29,589Disposed of in the quarter28,803 | | | | | 2026 Q1Details | 80,437 | 29,532 | 29,610 | | Received in the quarter29,532Disposed of in the quarter29,610 | | | | | 2026 Q2Details | 80,829 | 28,234 | 27,837 | | Received in the quarter28,234Disposed of in the quarter27,837 | | | | Figure as of 24 September 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab26e5d734e2435f202ee60/ccsq_publication_tables_2026Q2.ods). **Magistrates’ courts: criminal cases open at quarter end** **The numbers behind this chart** Search | Year | Open at quarter end | | --- | --- | | 2019 Q1 | 222,212 | | 2019 Q2 | 220,002 | | 2019 Q3 | 214,948 | | 2019 Q4 | 223,577 | | 2020 Q1 | 250,544 | | 2020 Q2 | 345,326 | | 2020 Q3 | 331,850 | | 2020 Q4 | 302,401 | | 2021 Q1 | 309,642 | | 2021 Q2 | 277,539 | | 2021 Q3 | 262,086 | | 2021 Q4 | 273,276 | | 2022 Q1 | 259,654 | | 2022 Q2 | 249,383 | | 2022 Q3 | 265,744 | | 2022 Q4 | 260,802 | | 2023 Q1 | 252,853 | | 2023 Q2 | 254,035 | | 2023 Q3 | 259,124 | | 2023 Q4 | 278,339 | | 2024 Q1 | 282,101 | | 2024 Q2 | 291,150 | | 2024 Q3 | 321,742 | | 2024 Q4 | 327,286 | | 2025 Q1 | 333,297 | | 2025 Q2 | 347,365 | | 2025 Q3 | 359,600 | | 2025 Q4 | 364,923 | | 2026 Q1 | 371,980 | | 2026 Q2 | 380,230 | Figure as of 24 September 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab26e5d734e2435f202ee60/ccsq_publication_tables_2026Q2.ods). Source: Ministry of Justice, [Criminal court statistics quarterly: April to June 2026 (tables C1 and M1)](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab26e5d734e2435f202ee60/ccsq_publication_tables_2026Q2.ods), published 24 September 2026. ## Probation and the people who run prisons **People supervised by the Probation Service, England and Wales** Year-end figures (31 December) to the latest year, then quarter ends. Breaks in the series: March 2026: Break in series: a change to how the caseload is counted (see the probation tables’ notes). **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | All supervision | In the community | | --- | --- | --- | | December 2015Details | 241,144 | 166,306 | | In the community166,306 | | | | December 2016Details | 267,146 | — | | In the community— | | | | December 2017Details | 264,649 | 187,542 | | In the community187,542 | | | | December 2018Details | 256,010 | 180,484 | | In the community180,484 | | | | December 2019Details | 247,759 | 172,110 | | In the community172,110 | | | | December 2020Details | 223,973 | 155,679 | | In the community155,679 | | | | December 2021Details | 238,500 | 170,744 | | In the community170,744 | | | | December 2022Details | 240,431 | 170,655 | | In the community170,655 | | | | December 2023Details | 238,765 | 164,359 | | In the community164,359 | | | | December 2024Details | 240,362 | 167,575 | | In the community167,575 | | | | March 2025Details | 242,397 | 166,954 | | In the community166,954 | | | | June 2025Details | 244,209 | 169,044 | | In the community169,044 | | | | September 2025Details | 246,502 | 171,099 | | In the community171,099 | | | | December 2025Details | 248,568 | 173,496 | | In the community173,496 | | | | March 2026Details | 258,332 | 179,300 | | In the community179,300 | | | Figure as of 30 July 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a68dfcf4dda8076771a4283/probation-Jan-to-Mar-2026.ods). **Prison and probation officers in post, full-time equivalent** HMPPS payroll staff at quarter end; public sector prisons only (contracted prisons employ their own staff). **The numbers behind this chart** Search | Year | Prison officers (bands 3 and 4) | Probation officers | Probation services officers | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | March 2017Details | 15,004 | 3,595 | 1,693 | | Probation officers3,595Probation services officers1,693 | | | | | June 2017Details | 15,394 | 3,536 | 1,863 | | Probation officers3,536Probation services officers1,863 | | | | | September 2017Details | 15,878 | 3,446 | 1,873 | | Probation officers3,446Probation services officers1,873 | | | | | December 2017Details | 16,575 | 3,382 | 2,161 | | Probation officers3,382Probation services officers2,161 | | | | | March 2018Details | 17,653 | 3,410 | 2,358 | | Probation officers3,410Probation services officers2,358 | | | | | June 2018Details | 18,169 | 3,390 | 2,334 | | Probation officers3,390Probation services officers2,334 | | | | | September 2018Details | 18,813 | 3,345 | 2,514 | | Probation officers3,345Probation services officers2,514 | | | | | December 2018Details | 19,235 | 3,368 | 2,560 | | Probation officers3,368Probation services officers2,560 | | | | | March 2019Details | 19,103 | 3,445 | 2,700 | | Probation officers3,445Probation services officers2,700 | | | | | June 2019Details | 18,725 | 3,517 | 2,479 | | Probation officers3,517Probation services officers2,479 | | | | | September 2019Details | 18,879 | 3,454 | 2,579 | | Probation officers3,454Probation services officers2,579 | | | | | December 2019Details | 18,509 | 3,584 | 2,553 | | Probation officers3,584Probation services officers2,553 | | | | | March 2020Details | 18,290 | 3,563 | 2,740 | | Probation officers3,563Probation services officers2,740 | | | | | June 2020Details | 18,539 | 3,716 | 2,539 | | Probation officers3,716Probation services officers2,539 | | | | | September 2020Details | 18,196 | 3,654 | 2,881 | | Probation officers3,654Probation services officers2,881 | | | | | December 2020Details | 17,934 | 3,742 | 2,659 | | Probation officers3,742Probation services officers2,659 | | | | | March 2021Details | 18,304 | 3,645 | 3,118 | | Probation officers3,645Probation services officers3,118 | | | | | June 2021Details | 18,441 | 4,552 | 5,683 | | Probation officers4,552Probation services officers5,683 | | | | | September 2021Details | 18,763 | 4,429 | 5,712 | | Probation officers4,429Probation services officers5,712 | | | | | December 2021Details | 18,487 | 4,613 | 5,712 | | Probation officers4,613Probation services officers5,712 | | | | | March 2022Details | 18,340 | 4,489 | 6,070 | | Probation officers4,489Probation services officers6,070 | | | | | June 2022Details | 18,115 | 4,693 | 5,769 | | Probation officers4,693Probation services officers5,769 | | | | | September 2022Details | 18,092 | 4,536 | 6,335 | | Probation officers4,536Probation services officers6,335 | | | | | December 2022Details | 18,133 | 4,648 | 6,164 | | Probation officers4,648Probation services officers6,164 | | | | | March 2023Details | 18,834 | 4,609 | 6,909 | | Probation officers4,609Probation services officers6,909 | | | | | June 2023Details | 18,929 | 4,626 | 6,751 | | Probation officers4,626Probation services officers6,751 | | | | | September 2023Details | 19,554 | 4,889 | 6,590 | | Probation officers4,889Probation services officers6,590 | | | | | December 2023Details | 19,764 | 4,948 | 6,304 | | Probation officers4,948Probation services officers6,304 | | | | | March 2024Details | 20,225 | 5,338 | 5,857 | | Probation officers5,338Probation services officers5,857 | | | | | June 2024Details | 20,216 | 5,160 | 5,908 | | Probation officers5,160Probation services officers5,908 | | | | | September 2024Details | 20,136 | 5,436 | 5,586 | | Probation officers5,436Probation services officers5,586 | | | | | December 2024Details | 19,638 | 5,283 | 5,316 | | Probation officers5,283Probation services officers5,316 | | | | | March 2025Details | 19,310 | 5,657 | 5,253 | | Probation officers5,657Probation services officers5,253 | | | | | June 2025Details | 19,272 | 5,519 | 5,213 | | Probation officers5,519Probation services officers5,213 | | | | | September 2025Details | 19,124 | 5,576 | 5,409 | | Probation officers5,576Probation services officers5,409 | | | | | December 2025Details | 18,659 | 5,454 | 5,400 | | Probation officers5,454Probation services officers5,400 | | | | | March 2026Details | 18,554 | 5,573 | 5,785 | | Probation officers5,573Probation services officers5,785 | | | | | June 2026Details | 18,530 | 5,465 | 5,924 | | Probation officers5,465Probation services officers5,924 | | | | Figure as of 20 August 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a7ed9263be22055c1aaa2f2/Time_series_of_HMPPS_staff_in_post_receiving_pay_on_staff_in_post_date_Jun_26.ods). Source: Ministry of Justice, [Offender management statistics quarterly: probation caseload (annual and latest quarterly tables)](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a68dfcf4dda8076771a4283/probation-Jan-to-Mar-2026.ods), published 30 July 2026; Ministry of Justice, [HM Prison & Probation Service workforce quarterly: June 2026: time series of staff in post](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a7ed9263be22055c1aaa2f2/Time_series_of_HMPPS_staff_in_post_receiving_pay_on_staff_in_post_date_Jun_26.ods), published 20 August 2026. ## Legal aid: what it is spent on **Legal aid spending by type, England and Wales, £ million, cash** RDEL, the measure in the Legal Aid Agency’s accounts. Cash; the drill-down below gives real terms. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Criminal | Civil | Central Funds | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2005-06Details | £1,200m | £843m | £69m | | Civil£843mCentral Funds£69m | | | | | 2006-07Details | £1,190m | £777m | £53m | | Civil£777mCentral Funds£53m | | | | | 2007-08Details | £1,203m | £824m | £65m | | Civil£824mCentral Funds£65m | | | | | 2008-09Details | £1,172m | £903m | £73m | | Civil£903mCentral Funds£73m | | | | | 2009-10Details | £1,101m | £961m | £88m | | Civil£961mCentral Funds£88m | | | | | 2010-11Details | £1,175m | £1,026m | £78m | | Civil£1,026mCentral Funds£78m | | | | | 2011-12Details | £1,115m | £966m | £101m | | Civil£966mCentral Funds£101m | | | | | 2012-13Details | £995m | £946m | £98m | | Civil£946mCentral Funds£98m | | | | | 2013-14Details | £967m | £825m | £81m | | Civil£825mCentral Funds£81m | | | | | 2014-15Details | £889m | £685m | £63m | | Civil£685mCentral Funds£63m | | | | | 2015-16Details | £861m | £600m | £49m | | Civil£600mCentral Funds£49m | | | | | 2016-17Details | £863m | £646m | £45m | | Civil£646mCentral Funds£45m | | | | | 2017-18Details | £892m | £678m | £49m | | Civil£678mCentral Funds£49m | | | | | 2018-19Details | £879m | £731m | £48m | | Civil£731mCentral Funds£48m | | | | | 2019-20Details | £864m | £762m | £55m | | Civil£762mCentral Funds£55m | | | | | 2020-21Details | £599m | £835m | £32m | | Civil£835mCentral Funds£32m | | | | | 2021-22Details | £828m | £880m | £44m | | Civil£880mCentral Funds£44m | | | | | 2022-23Details | £873m | £926m | £56m | | Civil£926mCentral Funds£56m | | | | | 2023-24Details | £1,073m | £962m | £64m | | Civil£962mCentral Funds£64m | | | | | 2024-25Details | £1,138m | £1,010m | £63m | | Civil£1,010mCentral Funds£63m | | | | Figure as of 24 September 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods). **Legal aid by scheme, completed-claim measure, £ million, cash** By scheme, on the closed-claim measure: payments for pieces of work completed in the year, even where the work started earlier. It differs from the RDEL measure in the accounts, especially in years when completions were delayed (2020-21, and 2025-26 after the Legal Aid Agency cyber attack). Provisional: 2025-26. **The numbers behind this chart** | Year | Crime higher (Crown Court) | Crime lower (police station, magistrates) | Civil representation (court cases) | Civil legal help (advice) | Mediation | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2008-09Details | £271m | £486m | £831m | — | £12m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£486mCivil representation (court cases)£831mCivil legal help (advice)—Mediation£12m | | | | | | | 2009-10Details | £387m | £475m | £767m | £256m | £13m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£475mCivil representation (court cases)£767mCivil legal help (advice)£256mMediation£13m | | | | | | | 2010-11Details | £449m | £439m | £789m | £256m | £13m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£439mCivil representation (court cases)£789mCivil legal help (advice)£256mMediation£13m | | | | | | | 2011-12Details | £663m | £410m | £860m | £218m | £15m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£410mCivil representation (court cases)£860mCivil legal help (advice)£218mMediation£15m | | | | | | | 2012-13Details | £640m | £387m | £908m | £189m | £14m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£387mCivil representation (court cases)£908mCivil legal help (advice)£189mMediation£14m | | | | | | | 2013-14Details | £614m | £380m | £925m | £139m | £8m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£380mCivil representation (court cases)£925mCivil legal help (advice)£139mMediation£8m | | | | | | | 2014-15Details | £615m | £334m | £815m | £111m | £7m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£334mCivil representation (court cases)£815mCivil legal help (advice)£111mMediation£7m | | | | | | | 2015-16Details | £630m | £287m | £703m | £101m | £7m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£287mCivil representation (court cases)£703mCivil legal help (advice)£101mMediation£7m | | | | | | | 2016-17Details | £627m | £284m | £699m | £102m | £6m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£284mCivil representation (court cases)£699mCivil legal help (advice)£102mMediation£6m | | | | | | | 2017-18Details | £636m | £271m | £723m | £98m | £5m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£271mCivil representation (court cases)£723mCivil legal help (advice)£98mMediation£5m | | | | | | | 2018-19Details | £653m | £260m | £744m | £98m | £5m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£260mCivil representation (court cases)£744mCivil legal help (advice)£98mMediation£5m | | | | | | | 2019-20Details | £603m | £255m | £809m | £107m | £6m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£255mCivil representation (court cases)£809mCivil legal help (advice)£107mMediation£6m | | | | | | | 2020-21Details | £361m | £224m | £735m | £85m | £6m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£224mCivil representation (court cases)£735mCivil legal help (advice)£85mMediation£6m | | | | | | | 2021-22Details | £552m | £248m | £849m | £95m | £6m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£248mCivil representation (court cases)£849mCivil legal help (advice)£95mMediation£6m | | | | | | | 2022-23Details | £581m | £257m | £973m | £102m | £6m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£257mCivil representation (court cases)£973mCivil legal help (advice)£102mMediation£6m | | | | | | | 2023-24Details | £748m | £301m | £1,070m | £118m | £6m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£301mCivil representation (court cases)£1,070mCivil legal help (advice)£118mMediation£6m | | | | | | | 2024-25Details | £798m | £323m | £1,052m | £121m | £7m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£323mCivil representation (court cases)£1,052mCivil legal help (advice)£121mMediation£7m | | | | | | | 2025-26Details | £751m | £362m | £591m | £122m | £7m | | Crime lower (police station, magistrates)£362mCivil representation (court cases)£591mCivil legal help (advice)£122mMediation£7m | | | | | | Figure as of 24 September 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods). **Legal aid cases and claims, England and Wales** **The numbers behind this chart** Search | Year | Crime lower cases | Civil legal help claims | Crime higher cases | Civil representation certificates | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 2000-01Details | — | 761,583 | — | — | | Civil legal help claims761,583Crime higher cases—Civil representation certificates— | | | | | | 2001-02Details | 1,685,094 | 748,890 | — | — | | Civil legal help claims748,890Crime higher cases—Civil representation certificates— | | | | | | 2002-03Details | 1,549,626 | 798,033 | — | — | | Civil legal help claims798,033Crime higher cases—Civil representation certificates— | | | | | | 2003-04Details | 1,579,751 | 756,569 | — | — | | Civil legal help claims756,569Crime higher cases—Civil representation certificates— | | | | | | 2004-05Details | 1,505,674 | 715,837 | — | — | | Civil legal help claims715,837Crime higher cases—Civil representation certificates— | | | | | | 2005-06Details | 1,528,383 | 786,522 | 104,940 | — | | Civil legal help claims786,522Crime higher cases104,940Civil representation certificates— | | | | | | 2006-07Details | 1,462,987 | 876,071 | 103,869 | 157,727 | | Civil legal help claims876,071Crime higher cases103,869Civil representation certificates157,727 | | | | | | 2007-08Details | 1,381,424 | 735,436 | 109,251 | 144,871 | | Civil legal help claims735,436Crime higher cases109,251Civil representation certificates144,871 | | | | | | 2008-09Details | 1,521,547 | 756,446 | 44,631 | 152,666 | | Civil legal help claims756,446Crime higher cases44,631Civil representation certificates152,666 | | | | | | 2009-10Details | 1,501,589 | 905,944 | 138,266 | 168,415 | | Civil legal help claims905,944Crime higher cases138,266Civil representation certificates168,415 | | | | | | 2010-11Details | 1,429,889 | 812,913 | 142,904 | 153,622 | | Civil legal help claims812,913Crime higher cases142,904Civil representation certificates153,622 | | | | | | 2011-12Details | 1,332,269 | 674,042 | 260,051 | 148,301 | | Civil legal help claims674,042Crime higher cases260,051Civil representation certificates148,301 | | | | | | 2012-13Details | 1,234,409 | 599,927 | 258,385 | 150,544 | | Civil legal help claims599,927Crime higher cases258,385Civil representation certificates150,544 | | | | | | 2013-14Details | 1,203,518 | 316,161 | 245,265 | 108,617 | | Civil legal help claims316,161Crime higher cases245,265Civil representation certificates108,617 | | | | | | 2014-15Details | 1,129,606 | 194,244 | 240,466 | 92,955 | | Civil legal help claims194,244Crime higher cases240,466Civil representation certificates92,955 | | | | | | 2015-16Details | 1,036,023 | 166,056 | 231,049 | 100,933 | | Civil legal help claims166,056Crime higher cases231,049Civil representation certificates100,933 | | | | | | 2016-17Details | 984,602 | 161,986 | 215,565 | 107,060 | | Civil legal help claims161,986Crime higher cases215,565Civil representation certificates107,060 | | | | | | 2017-18Details | 932,958 | 147,197 | 203,757 | 111,141 | | Civil legal help claims147,197Crime higher cases203,757Civil representation certificates111,141 | | | | | | 2018-19Details | 899,572 | 139,676 | 184,254 | 107,410 | | Civil legal help claims139,676Crime higher cases184,254Civil representation certificates107,410 | | | | | | 2019-20Details | 884,327 | 140,379 | 174,041 | 115,797 | | Civil legal help claims140,379Crime higher cases174,041Civil representation certificates115,797 | | | | | | 2020-21Details | 812,824 | 110,546 | 139,935 | 109,587 | | Civil legal help claims110,546Crime higher cases139,935Civil representation certificates109,587 | | | | | | 2021-22Details | 840,250 | 123,585 | 162,232 | 107,901 | | Civil legal help claims123,585Crime higher cases162,232Civil representation certificates107,901 | | | | | | 2022-23Details | 848,749 | 132,763 | 159,666 | 106,701 | | Civil legal help claims132,763Crime higher cases159,666Civil representation certificates106,701 | | | | | | 2023-24Details | 939,760 | 154,320 | 177,132 | 108,732 | | Civil legal help claims154,320Crime higher cases177,132Civil representation certificates108,732 | | | | | | 2024-25Details | 986,795 | 163,874 | 194,417 | 109,865 | | Civil legal help claims163,874Crime higher cases194,417Civil representation certificates109,865 | | | | | | 2025-26Details | 1,002,537 | 162,766 | 193,101 | 103,117 | | Civil legal help claims162,766Crime higher cases193,101Civil representation certificates103,117 | | | | | Figure as of 24 September 2026. Source: [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods). Source: Ministry of Justice, [Legal aid statistics quarterly: April to June 2026: tables 1.0 to 1.2](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods), published 24 September 2026. ## Where the money goes, level by level - UK total - Nation - Department or service body - Local body - Spending category - Line or transaction not published - United Kingdom ### United Kingdom HM Treasury’s spending on law courts and on prisons (two sub-functions of public order and safety, COFOG 3.3 and 3.4), added together. Police, fire and immigration are counted elsewhere (see the police and fire pages). **£18.4bn** in 2025-26 (cash); £18.4bn in 2025-26 prices; £265 per resident; +10.7% on a year earlier in cash, +7.0% in real terms. | Nation | Cash, 2024-25 | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Per resident | Real change on a year earlier | Source | Below this | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [England and Wales](#sd-ew)Details | £14.9bn | £15.4bn | £241 | +2.4% | [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691b09b184a267da57d705d1/CRA_2025_Chapter_B_tables.xlsx) | Broken down below | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£15.4bnPer resident£241Real change on a year earlier+2.4%Source[HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691b09b184a267da57d705d1/CRA_2025_Chapter_B_tables.xlsx)Below thisBroken down below | | | | | | | | [Scotland](#sd-scotland)Details | £1.3bn | £1.3bn | £235 | +8.7% | [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691b09b184a267da57d705d1/CRA_2025_Chapter_B_tables.xlsx) | Broken down below | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£1.3bnPer resident£235Real change on a year earlier+8.7%Source[HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691b09b184a267da57d705d1/CRA_2025_Chapter_B_tables.xlsx)Below thisBroken down below | | | | | | | | [Northern Ireland](#sd-ni)Details | £472m | £488m | £245 | +2.9% | [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691b09b184a267da57d705d1/CRA_2025_Chapter_B_tables.xlsx) | Broken down below | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£488mPer resident£245Real change on a year earlier+2.9%Source[HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/691b09b184a267da57d705d1/CRA_2025_Chapter_B_tables.xlsx)Below thisBroken down below | | | | | | | - United Kingdom - England and Wales ### England and Wales England and Wales are one legal jurisdiction: justice in Wales is not devolved. The figure is HM Treasury’s identifiable spending on law courts and prisons in England plus that in Wales. The departments below are measured differently (total managed expenditure) and are not expected to add up to it. **£14.9bn** in 2024-25 (cash); £15.4bn in 2025-26 prices; £241 per resident; +6.5% on a year earlier in cash, +2.4% in real terms. | Department or service body | Cash, 2024-25 | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Per resident | Real change on a year earlier | Source | Below this | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Ministry of Justice](#sd-moj)Details | £14.0bn | £14.5bn | £227 | +0.2% | [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a57728b822fbe6b8245c9a1/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_1_tables.xlsx) | Broken down below | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£14.5bnPer resident£227Real change on a year earlier+0.2%Source[HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a57728b822fbe6b8245c9a1/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_1_tables.xlsx)Below thisBroken down below | | | | | | | | [Law Officers’ Departments](#sd-law-officers)Details | £973m | £1.0bn | £15.74 | +0.3% | [HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a57728b822fbe6b8245c9a1/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_1_tables.xlsx) | Broken down below | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£1.0bnPer resident£15.74Real change on a year earlier+0.3%Source[HM Treasury](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a57728b822fbe6b8245c9a1/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_1_tables.xlsx)Below thisBroken down below | | | | | | | - United Kingdom - [England and Wales](#sd-ew) - Ministry of Justice ### Ministry of Justice The Ministry of Justice departmental group’s total managed expenditure (resource and capital, including annually managed expenditure such as provision movements), as HM Treasury publishes it. The group includes HMPPS, HMCTS, the Legal Aid Agency and smaller bodies such as the Criminal Injuries Compensation Authority and the Office of the Public Guardian, whose budgets are not shown separately here. **£15.4bn** in 2025-26 (cash); £15.4bn in 2025-26 prices; £248 per resident; +9.5% on a year earlier in cash, +5.8% in real terms. | Department or service body | Cash, 2024-25 | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Per resident | Real change on a year earlier | Source | Below this | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [HM Prison and Probation Service](#sd-hmpps)Details | £7.2bn | £7.5bn | £117 | +4.5% | [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Broken down below | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£7.5bnPer resident£117Real change on a year earlier+4.5%Source[Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisBroken down below | | | | | | | | [Legal Aid Agency](#sd-laa)Details | £2.2bn | £2.3bn | £35.78 | +1.3% | [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods) | Broken down below | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£2.3bnPer resident£35.78Real change on a year earlier+1.3%Source[Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods)Below thisBroken down below | | | | | | | | HM Courts and Tribunals ServiceDetails | £1.9bn | £1.9bn | £30.17 | — | [HM Courts and Tribunals Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a4f74d02467584757371b31/HMCTS1136_Annual_Report_2026_v11_RGB.pdf) | Local body not published: HMCTS does not publish spending by court or tribunal centre. Its accounts split fee income and costs only for fee-charging business (civil, family and tribunals); criminal courts charge no fees. It publishes its individual payments over £25,000 each month. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£1.9bnPer resident£30.17Real change on a year earlier—Source[HM Courts and Tribunals Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a4f74d02467584757371b31/HMCTS1136_Annual_Report_2026_v11_RGB.pdf)Below thisLocal body not published: HMCTS does not publish spending by court or tribunal centre. Its accounts split fee income and costs only for fee-charging business (civil, family and tribunals); criminal courts charge no fees. It publishes its individual payments over £25,000 each month. | | | | | | | - United Kingdom - [England and Wales](#sd-ew) - [Ministry of Justice](#sd-moj) - HM Prison and Probation Service ### HM Prison and Probation Service Net expenditure in HMPPS’s accounts (after income). Below it are two views on different bases that are not meant to add up: every prison’s overall cost (HMPPS’s cost per place figures, which include shares of national costs) and the operating segments its board is shown (Net resource expenditure by operating segment as reported to the HMPPS Board (note 2a). The segments total less than net expenditure in the accounts: PFI accounting, costs held in the Ministry of Justice, overhead recharges and provisions are added in the reconciliation (note 2b).). **£7.2bn** in 2024-25 (cash); £7.5bn in 2025-26 prices; £117 per resident; +8.7% on a year earlier in cash, +4.5% in real terms. | Local body | Cash, 2024-25 | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Per resident | Real change on a year earlier | Source | Below this | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [Prisons in England and Wales](/justice/prisons/)Details | £4.9bn | £5.1bn | — | +1.0% | [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69bbeee14b1db2e4ba9b6492/costs-per-prison-place-prisoner-individual-prison-2024-25.ods) | On its own page | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£5.1bnPer resident—Real change on a year earlier+1.0%Source[Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69bbeee14b1db2e4ba9b6492/costs-per-prison-place-prisoner-individual-prison-2024-25.ods)Below thisOn its own page | | | | | | | | Public sector prisonsDetails | £2.6bn | £2.7bn | — | +4.3% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£2.7bnPer resident—Real change on a year earlier+4.3%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | Probation ServiceDetails | £1.2bn | £1.2bn | — | +2.8% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Probation spending is not published by region or probation delivery unit; staff numbers by region are in the HMPPS workforce statistics. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£1.2bnPer resident—Real change on a year earlier+2.8%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Probation spending is not published by region or probation delivery unit; staff numbers by region are in the HMPPS workforce statistics. | | | | | | | | Contracted prisons and services (Contracted Operational Delivery)Details | £955m | £988m | — | −0.1% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£988mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier−0.1%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | National servicesDetails | £255m | £263m | — | +19.7% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£263mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier+19.7%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | Youth Custody ServiceDetails | £182m | £189m | — | −6.8% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£189mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier−6.8%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | HMPPS ChangeDetails | £165m | £171m | — | −5.4% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£171mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier−5.4%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | Rehabilitation pathways and partnershipsDetails | £95m | £98m | — | −8.1% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£98mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier−8.1%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | Directorate of SecurityDetails | £89m | £93m | — | +0.9% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£93mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier+0.9%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | Strategy, performance and corporate deliveryDetails | £59m | £61m | — | −31.0% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£61mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier−31.0%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | Transforming deliveryDetails | £48m | £50m | — | +115.4% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£50mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier+115.4%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | Probation operations (headquarters)Details | £29m | £30m | — | −6.3% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£30mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier−6.3%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | | Prison operations (headquarters)Details | £21m | £21m | — | −12.6% | [HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£21mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier−12.6%Source[HM Prison and Probation Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the accounts. | | | | | | | - United Kingdom - [England and Wales](#sd-ew) - [Ministry of Justice](#sd-moj) - Legal Aid Agency ### Legal Aid Agency Legal aid spending on the resource (RDEL) measure used in the Legal Aid Agency’s accounts, cash. Before April 2013 legal aid was run by the Legal Services Commission; Central Funds moved to the Agency in 2013-14. **£2.2bn** in 2024-25 (cash); £2.3bn in 2025-26 prices; £35.78 per resident; +5.4% on a year earlier in cash, +1.3% in real terms. | Spending category | Cash, 2024-25 | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Per resident | Real change on a year earlier | Source | Below this | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Criminal legal aidDetails | £1.1bn | £1.2bn | — | +2.0% | [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods) | Line or transaction not published: The accounts measure (RDEL) is not split by scheme; the statistics split spending by scheme on a different measure (completed claims), shown in the legal aid section of the page. Payments to individual firms are not published. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£1.2bnPer resident—Real change on a year earlier+2.0%Source[Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods)Below thisLine or transaction not published: The accounts measure (RDEL) is not split by scheme; the statistics split spending by scheme on a different measure (completed claims), shown in the legal aid section of the page. Payments to individual firms are not published. | | | | | | | | Civil legal aidDetails | £1.0bn | £1.0bn | — | +0.9% | [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods) | Line or transaction not published: The accounts measure (RDEL) is not split by scheme; the statistics split spending by scheme on a different measure (completed claims), shown in the legal aid section of the page. Payments to individual firms are not published. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£1.0bnPer resident—Real change on a year earlier+0.9%Source[Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods)Below thisLine or transaction not published: The accounts measure (RDEL) is not split by scheme; the statistics split spending by scheme on a different measure (completed claims), shown in the legal aid section of the page. Payments to individual firms are not published. | | | | | | | | Central Funds (defence costs paid to acquitted defendants and others)Details | £63m | £66m | — | −5.0% | [Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods) | Line or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the statistics. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£66mPer resident—Real change on a year earlier−5.0%Source[Ministry of Justice](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods)Below thisLine or transaction not published: Not broken down further in the statistics. | | | | | | | - United Kingdom - [England and Wales](#sd-ew) - Law Officers’ Departments ### Law Officers’ Departments The Attorney General’s departments: the Crown Prosecution Service (most of the money), the Serious Fraud Office, the Government Legal Department and HM Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate. Total managed expenditure. **£1.0bn** in 2025-26 (cash); £1.0bn in 2025-26 prices; £16.48 per resident; +5.0% on a year earlier in cash, +1.5% in real terms. | Department or service body | Cash, 2024-25 | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Per resident | Real change on a year earlier | Source | Below this | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Crown Prosecution ServiceDetails | £830m | £859m | £13.44 | −2.0% | [Crown Prosecution Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6880fa32901d5f8d47120560/Crown_Prosecution_Service_annual_report_and_accounts_2024_-_2025.pdf) | Local body not published: The CPS does not publish spending by its 14 areas; its accounts give staff costs and prosecution costs (mostly fees to barristers) for the whole service. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£859mPer resident£13.44Real change on a year earlier−2.0%Source[Crown Prosecution Service](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6880fa32901d5f8d47120560/Crown_Prosecution_Service_annual_report_and_accounts_2024_-_2025.pdf)Below thisLocal body not published: The CPS does not publish spending by its 14 areas; its accounts give staff costs and prosecution costs (mostly fees to barristers) for the whole service. | | | | | | | - United Kingdom - Scotland ### Scotland Scotland has its own legal system, run by the Scottish Government. The Scottish Courts and Tribunals Service, the Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service and the Scottish Legal Aid Board publish their accounts as PDFs; they are not yet carried here, so only the prison service is shown below. **£1.3bn** in 2024-25 (cash); £1.3bn in 2025-26 prices; £235 per resident; +13.1% on a year earlier in cash, +8.7% in real terms. | Department or service body | Cash, 2024-25 | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Per resident | Real change on a year earlier | Source | Below this | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Scottish Prison ServiceDetails | £505m | £522m | £91.04 | −0.5% | [Scottish Prison Service](https://www.sps.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-12/SPS%20Annual%20Report%202024%20-25.pdf) | Local body not published: The Scottish Prison Service publishes each prison’s average population in its annual report but not its costs, so there is no prison-by-prison money level for Scotland. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£522mPer resident£91.04Real change on a year earlier−0.5%Source[Scottish Prison Service](https://www.sps.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-12/SPS%20Annual%20Report%202024%20-25.pdf)Below thisLocal body not published: The Scottish Prison Service publishes each prison’s average population in its annual report but not its costs, so there is no prison-by-prison money level for Scotland. | | | | | | | - United Kingdom - Northern Ireland ### Northern Ireland Northern Ireland has its own courts, prosecution and prisons under its Department of Justice. The Northern Ireland Courts and Tribunals Service, the Public Prosecution Service and the Legal Services Agency are not yet carried here; only the prison service is shown below. **£472m** in 2024-25 (cash); £488m in 2025-26 prices; £245 per resident; +7.0% on a year earlier in cash, +2.9% in real terms. | Department or service body | Cash, 2024-25 | Real terms (2025-26 prices) | Per resident | Real change on a year earlier | Source | Below this | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Northern Ireland Prison ServiceDetails | £155m | £160m | £80.45 | +2.5% | [Northern Ireland Prison Service](https://www.justice-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-07/2024-25%20Annual%20Report%20and%20Accounts%20-%20Northern%20Ireland%20Prison%20Service.PDF) | Local body not published: The Northern Ireland Prison Service runs three establishments (Maghaberry, Magilligan and Hydebank Wood) and does not publish costs for each in its accounts. | | Real terms (2025-26 prices)£160mPer resident£80.45Real change on a year earlier+2.5%Source[Northern Ireland Prison Service](https://www.justice-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/2025-07/2024-25%20Annual%20Report%20and%20Accounts%20-%20Northern%20Ireland%20Prison%20Service.PDF)Below thisLocal body not published: The Northern Ireland Prison Service runs three establishments (Maghaberry, Magilligan and Hydebank Wood) and does not publish costs for each in its accounts. | | | | | | | Cash is as published. Real terms are in 2025-26 prices, using HM Treasury’s GDP deflator. Per resident divides by ONS mid-year population for the area the body serves. Changes compare the same body in consecutive years. ## Search the department's payments over £25,000 Every payment of £25,000 or more the departments published for the latest year, as published. See [every department's spending over £25,000](/government-spending-over-25000/) for what each covers. ### Ministry of Justice Ministry of Justice published **38,654 payments** worth **£7.45bn** to 3,962 suppliers and recipients from March 2025 to February 2026 (12 of 12 months published). The headquarters, HM Prison and Probation Service, HM Courts and Tribunals Service and the Legal Aid Agency; the arm's-length bodies' files are published separately and not read here. **Gaps and problems in the data, as published (2)** - The newest payment published is from 2026-02, 7 months before this was read. - 593 credits and refunds (negative amounts, £140,013,135 in all) are included, so totals are net. Searching needs JavaScript. Every payment is in [one JSON file](/data/spend25k/tx/moj.json). Source: Ministry of Justice, [spending over £25,000](https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ministry-of-justice-departmental-spending-over-25000-2026) on GOV.UK, Open Government Licence v3.0. 48 files read, newest updated 2026-09-17; every payment kept is in [one JSON file](/data/spend25k/tx/moj.json). **Every file read (48)** - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for February 2026](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6aa804ec75ab9593331f7ab9/HMCTS_-_spend_Feb_2026.csv) (2026-02): 389 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for February 2026](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6aa804401a63d2d2be9045f6/HMPPS_-_spend_Feb_2026.csv) (2026-02): 894 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for February 2026](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6aa806336d3764db16904611/LAA_-_spend_Feb_2026.csv) (2026-02): 1,551 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for February 2026](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6aa803836d3764db1690460c/MOJHQ_-_spend_Feb_2026.csv) (2026-02): 371 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for January 2026](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6aa804d497b321a2d34ee252/HMCTS_-_spend_Jan_2026.csv) (2026-01): 413 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for January 2026](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6aa80426a378ca4ee34ee25c/HMPPS_-_spend_Jan_2026.csv) (2026-01): 837 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for January 2026](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6aa8061c3d7bfd930f1f7aa7/LAA_-_spend_Jan_2026.csv) (2026-01): 1,381 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for January 2026](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6aa80365a378ca4ee34ee25b/MOJHQ_-_spend_Jan_2026.csv) (2026-01): 408 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for December 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a73104e8a340ed57ba47713/HMCTS_-_spend_Dec_2025.csv) (2025-12): 491 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for December 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a730fdc8a340ed57ba47711/HMPPS_-_spend_Dec_2025.csv) (2025-12): 1,033 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for December 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a7310c2dc689ac736a47711/LAA_-_spend_Dec_2025.csv) (2025-12): 1,474 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for December 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a730f098a340ed57ba47710/MOJHQ_-_spend_Dec_2025.csv) (2025-12): 440 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for November 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a7310398a340ed57ba47712/HMCTS_-_spend_Nov_2025.csv) (2025-11): 421 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for November 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a730fc7dc689ac736a47710/HMPPS_-_spend_Nov_2025.csv) (2025-11): 766 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for November 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a7310abde77e2943cd3bbec/LAA_-_spend_Nov_2025.csv) (2025-11): 1,520 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for November 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a730ef28a340ed57ba4770f/MOJHQ_-_spend_Nov_2025.csv) (2025-11): 418 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for October 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a392a5e6422bec01b117900/HMCTS_October_25.csv) (2025-10): 428 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for October 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a39290c25c5199bda117904/HMPPS_October_25.csv) (2025-10): 1,025 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for October 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a392aed6422bec01b117902/LAA_October_25.csv) (2025-10): 2,120 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for October 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a39241ee590e5e061c9a3d0/MoJHQ_October_2025.csv) (2025-10): 388 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for September 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a392a4925c5199bda117907/HMCTS_September_25.csv) (2025-09): 463 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for September 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a392884e590e5e061c9a3dd/HMPPS_September_25.csv) (2025-09): 901 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for September 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a392ad6c6e94f095f3efbd2/LAA_September_25.csv) (2025-09): 903 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for September 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a3923fae590e5e061c9a3cf/MOJHQ_September_25.csv) (2025-09): 457 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for August 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a0d8152faac4bc0b0e9060f/HMCTS_-_spend_Aug_2025.csv) (2025-08): 339 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for August 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a0d808c40a9c699fd826e23/HMPPS_-_spend_Aug_2025.csv) (2025-08): 921 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for August 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a0d81b3faac4bc0b0e90610/LAA_-_spend_Aug_2025.csv) (2025-08): 1,494 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for August 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a1019070026f30a6d421c70/MOJHQ_-_spend_Aug_2025.csv) (2025-08): 369 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for July 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a0d813b4ea6d8f759662d6d/HMCTS_-_spend_Jul_2025.csv) (2025-07): 380 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for July 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a0d80769171ee9f72826e26/HMPPS_-_spend_Jul_2025.csv) (2025-07): 818 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for July 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a0d819bb1dfdb3c06e90609/LAA_-_spend_Jul_2025.csv) (2025-07): 2,214 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for July 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a0d7fee5c3c79da61662d69/MOJHQ_-_spend_Jul_2025.csv) (2025-07): 381 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for June 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4f31961ff0ba6bff8e84/HMCTS_-_spend_Jun_2025.csv) (2025-06): 411 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for June 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4e6a3e81003ae0422579/HMPPS_-_spend_Jun_2025.csv) (2025-06): 808 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for June 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4fc7b0b0b93055e04fd4/LAA_-_spend_Jun_2025.csv) (2025-06): 1,081 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for June 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4cf5642d5aaff4e04fc0/MOJHQ_-_Jun_spend_2025.csv) (2025-06): 581 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for May 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4f172b60817d99ff8e80/HMCTS_-_spend_May_2025.csv) (2025-05): 326 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for May 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4e52b0b0b93055e04fd0/HMPPS_-_spend_May_2025.csv) (2025-05): 946 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for May 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4fb12b60817d99ff8e81/LAA_-_spend_May_2025.csv) (2025-05): 1,022 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for May 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4cdc3e81003ae0422577/MOJHQ_-_spend_May_2025.csv) (2025-05): 322 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for April 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4f02b0b0b93055e04fd2/HMCTS_-_spend_Apr_2025.csv) (2025-04): 410 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for April 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4e3d642d5aaff4e04fc1/HMPPS_-_spend_Apr_2025.csv) (2025-04): 907 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for April 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4f9a642d5aaff4e04fc4/LAA_-_spend_Apr_2025.csv) (2025-04): 1,983 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for April 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4cc3b0b0b93055e04fcf/MOJHQ_-_spend_Apr_2025.csv) (2025-04): 432 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMCTS spending over £25,000 for March 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4eebb0b0b93055e04fd1/HMCTS_-_spend_Mar_2025.csv) (2025-03): 568 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [HMPPS spending over £25,000 for March 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4e263e81003ae0422578/HMPPS_-_spend_Mar_2025.csv) (2025-03): 1,003 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [LAA spending over £25,000 for March 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4f82642d5aaff4e04fc3/LAA_-_spend_Mar_2025.csv) (2025-03): 843 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [MOJ's spending over £25,000 for March 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69df4ca6961ff0ba6bff8e83/MOJHQ_-_spend_Mar_2025.csv) (2025-03): 660 rows. Read 2026-09-24. ### Attorney General's Office, Government Legal Department and HMCPSI Attorney General's Office, Government Legal Department and HMCPSI published **899 payments** worth **£70.2m** to 74 suppliers and recipients from June 2025 to May 2026 (12 of 12 months published). One combined file for the Attorney General's Office, the Government Legal Department and HM Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate. **Gaps and problems in the data, as published (4)** - The newest payment published is from 2026-05, 4 months before this was read. - 17% of rows are under £25,000: the department lists individual lines of larger payments, or publishes some smaller ones. They are kept as published. - 20.0% of payments (£5,595,307) have the supplier name withheld, redacted or left blank by the department. - 21 credits and refunds (negative amounts, £1,675,811 in all) are included, so totals are net. Searching needs JavaScript. Every payment is in [one JSON file](/data/spend25k/tx/ago.json). Source: Attorney General's Office, Government Legal Department and HMCPSI, [spending over £25,000](https://www.gov.uk/search/transparency-and-freedom-of-information-releases?organisations[]=attorney-generals-office) on GOV.UK, Open Government Licence v3.0. 12 files read, newest updated 2026-08-12; every payment kept is in [one JSON file](/data/spend25k/tx/ago.json). **Every file read (12)** - [May 2026 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over 25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a7b3db1114277b327805c30/May_2026_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2026-05): 69 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [April 2026 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over 25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a7b3d57aadaaddf89b6e431/April_2026_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k__2_.ods) (2026-04): 55 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [March 2026 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a2017d558aae59498cb29ac/March_2026_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2026-03): 119 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [February 2026 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a2017d431d692299df80ce0/February_2026_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2026-02): 66 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [January 2026 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a2017d531d692299df80ce1/January_2026_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2026-01): 69 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [December 2025 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69e7a412ed93f72cf81631ef/December_2025_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2025-12): 94 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [November 2025 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69e7a412ed93f72cf81631f0/November_2025_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2025-11): 73 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [October 2025 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69e7a41208ecdb5c6f34ad91/October_2025_-__AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2025-10): 83 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [September AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6942e0fd501cdd438f4cf57a/September_2025_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2025-09): 58 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [August 2025 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6942e0db143d960161547e13/August_2025_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2025-08): 86 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [July 2025 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6942e0c9143d960161547e12/July_2025_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over__25k.ods) (2025-07): 71 rows. Read 2026-09-24. - [June 2025 AGO GLD HMCPSI supplier transactions over £25k](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/68e91ce2b6ae95e3c7690854/June_2025_-_AGO_GLD_HMCPSI_Supplier_transactions_over_25k.ods) (2025-06): 56 rows. Read 2026-09-24. ### Crown Prosecution Service **Crown Prosecution Service: no file of spending over £25,000 found.** No Crown Prosecution Service file of spending over £25,000 was found on GOV.UK; the CPS publishes its transparency data on its own website, which this site does not yet read. Where it would be published: [www.cps.gov.uk/publication-scheme](https://www.cps.gov.uk/publication-scheme). Checked 2026-09-24. ## Where the money comes from Almost all of it is voted by Parliament from general taxation. Courts also charge fees in civil, family and tribunal cases (not criminal ones), which pay for part of their running costs; prisons earn a little from work and services sold. | Body | What | 2024-25 | 2025-26 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | HM Courts and Tribunals ServiceDetails | Net spending (paid for by Parliament) | £1.9bn | £2.1bn | | WhatNet spending (paid for by Parliament)2025-26£2.1bn | | | | | HM Courts and Tribunals ServiceDetails | Court and tribunal fees collected | £830m | £868m | | WhatCourt and tribunal fees collected2025-26£868m | | | | | HM Courts and Tribunals ServiceDetails | Other operating income | £70m | £73m | | WhatOther operating income2025-26£73m | | | | | HM Prison and Probation ServiceDetails | Net spending (paid for by Parliament) | £7.2bn | not published | | WhatNet spending (paid for by Parliament)2025-26not published | | | | | HM Prison and Probation ServiceDetails | Income (prison industries, services sold, recharges) | £302m | not published | | WhatIncome (prison industries, services sold, recharges)2025-26not published | | | | Source: HM Courts and Tribunals Service, [HM Courts and Tribunals Service, annual report and accounts 2025 to 2026](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a4f74d02467584757371b31/HMCTS1136_Annual_Report_2026_v11_RGB.pdf), published 9 July 2026; HM Prison and Probation Service, [HM Prison and Probation Service, Annual Report and Accounts 2024 to 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6925c7af47904590c9da2d1d/35.4_HMPPS_ARA_2024-25_v9.3_WEB.pdf), published 30 October 2025. ## How many work in it | Body | When | Full-time equivalent | | --- | --- | --- | | HM Prison and Probation Service (average, accounts)Details | 2024-25 | 65,781 | | When2024-25 | | | | Prison officers in post (bands 3 and 4, HMPPS)Details | June 2026 | 18,530 | | WhenJune 2026 | | | | Probation officers in post (HMPPS)Details | June 2026 | 5,465 | | WhenJune 2026 | | | | HM Courts and Tribunals ServiceDetails | 2025-26 | 16,374 | | When2025-26 | | | | Crown Prosecution ServiceDetails | 2024-25 | 7,291 | | When2024-25 | | | | Scottish Prison ServiceDetails | 2024-25 | 4,758 | | When2024-25 | | | | Northern Ireland Prison ServiceDetails | 2024-25 | 1,600 | | When2024-25 | | | Judges and magistrates are not HMCTS staff and are not counted. Contracted prisons’ staff are not counted in HMPPS’s figures. ## Prosecution: the Crown Prosecution Service | Year | Magistrates’ courts | Crown Court | | --- | --- | --- | | 2022-23Details | 83.3% | 78.1% | | Crown Court78.1% | | | | 2023-24Details | 83.8% | 77.5% | | Crown Court77.5% | | | | 2024-25Details | 84.3% | 77.0% | | Crown Court77.0% | | | A conviction rate is not a measure of whether the right cases were brought: it depends on which cases the police refer and the CPS charges. Worked out from the counts of outcomes in the CPS’s accounts. Source: Crown Prosecution Service, [Crown Prosecution Service, annual report and accounts 2024 to 2025](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6880fa32901d5f8d47120560/Crown_Prosecution_Service_annual_report_and_accounts_2024_-_2025.pdf), published 23 July 2025. ## England and Wales, separately | Year | England | Wales | | --- | --- | --- | | 2020-21Details | £10.5bn | £644m | | Wales£644m | | | | 2021-22Details | £11.2bn | £683m | | Wales£683m | | | | 2022-23Details | £11.9bn | £719m | | Wales£719m | | | | 2023-24Details | £13.2bn | £751m | | Wales£751m | | | | 2024-25Details | £14.1bn | £775m | | Wales£775m | | | One jurisdiction, but HM Treasury assigns its spending to each country. Justice in Wales is not devolved: the Welsh Government does not fund courts or prisons. Hand-kept figures last checked against their sources on 24 September 2026. ## What these figures do and don't show - **Different measures at each level.** The UK and jurisdiction figures are HM Treasury’s spending on law courts and prisons; the departments are their total managed expenditure; HMPPS, HMCTS and the CPS are net spending in their accounts; legal aid is on the accounts’ RDEL measure; each prison is HMPPS’s cost per place figure. They are not expected to add up. - **Three systems, never added.** England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland run their own courts, prosecutors and prisons, and count their costs differently. Scottish and Northern Irish courts, prosecution and legal aid are not yet carried here. - **Prison costs compare unlike prisons.** A young offender institution or a high-security prison costs far more per prisoner than an open prison. Compare a prison with others of its function, and treat public and contracted prisons’ costs as different bases. - **Nothing here shows cause and effect.** Backlogs, conviction rates and crowding sit beside the money, not as its result: they depend on crime, charging, sentencing law and much else. - **Hand-kept figures.** HMPPS, HMCTS, CPS and the Scottish and Northern Irish prison services publish their accounts only as PDFs; their figures were read from them and are dated. Figures from data/services/justice.json, generated 29 September 2026. ## Use this data The figures belong to the bodies that published them and are used under their terms, listed in [Sources for this page](#sources); most are Crown copyright under the Open Government Licence. Only our own words, analysis, charts and derived calculations are ours, published under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/): reuse them, including commercially, if you credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk) and link back to this page. ### Download - [Justice: courts, prisons, probation and legal aid: the dataset (CSV)](/data/services/justice.csv) [JSON](/data/services/justice.json) - [All data, field definitions and licences](/data/) ## Sources for this page | Source | Publisher | Figures as of | Updated | Licence | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | [PESA 2026: chapters 4 and 5 tables](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a5772f59e63154454413701/PESA_2026_CP_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx) | HM Treasury | 16 July 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [PESA 2021: chapter 4 and 5 tables](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/60f573d2d3bf7f56824cc5f3/PESA_2021_CP_Chapter_5.xlsx) | HM Treasury | — | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [PESA 2016: chapter 4 and 5 tables](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7f5c21e5274a2e87db561f/PESA_2016_Chapter_5_tables.xlsx) | HM Treasury | — | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [PESA 2011: chapter 4 and 5 tables](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a7c87a5ed915d6969f45852/pesa_2011_tables_chapter5.xlsx) | HM Treasury | — | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [Costs per prison place and cost per prisoner by individual prison, 2015-16 to 2024-25 (HMPPS annual report and accounts, management information addendum)](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/69bbeee14b1db2e4ba9b6492/costs-per-prison-place-prisoner-individual-prison-2024-25.ods) | Ministry of Justice | 26 March 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [Criminal court statistics quarterly: April to June 2026 (tables C1 and M1)](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab26e5d734e2435f202ee60/ccsq_publication_tables_2026Q2.ods) | Ministry of Justice | 24 September 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [Prison population: monthly bulletin (2025-01 to 2026-08)](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a9e97fd3b22fb169dc192dd/prison-pop-august-2026.ODS) | Ministry of Justice | 7 September 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [Offender management statistics quarterly: January to March 2026: annual prison population](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a69e0e116bc92f51e1a4310/prison-population-2026.ods) | Ministry of Justice | 30 July 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [Offender management statistics quarterly: probation caseload (annual and latest quarterly tables)](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a68dfcf4dda8076771a4283/probation-Jan-to-Mar-2026.ods) | Ministry of Justice | 30 July 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [HM Prison & Probation Service workforce quarterly: June 2026: time series of staff in post](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6a7ed9263be22055c1aaa2f2/Time_series_of_HMPPS_staff_in_post_receiving_pay_on_staff_in_post_date_Jun_26.ods) | Ministry of Justice | 20 August 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | | [Legal aid statistics quarterly: April to June 2026: tables 1.0 to 1.2](https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/6ab3aad9997a4b2950cceda1/legal-aid-statistics-tables-apr-jun-2026.ods) | Ministry of Justice | 24 September 2026 | annual | [Open Government Licence v3.0](https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/version/3/) | Each source's figures are used under the licence shown. Our own words, analysis, charts and derived calculations are ours, under [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). ## Related pages - [Next in this section: Every prison in England and Wales: cost, population and staff](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/justice/prisons/) - [Where does my tax money actually go?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/for-every-100-pounds-of-tax/) - [How much is council tax and what does it pay for?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/council-tax/) - [How much crime is there where I live?](https://whereyourmoneygoes.co.uk/crime/) ## More from this publisher - [UK tax calculators](https://howlongisit.co.uk) Published by [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). Our words, analysis, charts and derived calculations: CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), credit [Tekstak Ltd](https://tek-stak.co.uk). The figures belong to the publishers listed under Sources and are used under their licences. Figures last updated 29 September 2026.